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Use comma between authors’ family names and “&” in front of the last author.
For more than one citation, a
ange alphabetically and use “;” in between.
Author(s)/Editor(s) of book o
Used in
chapter) family name(s) and initial(s) edited books
Yea
Book title – in italics
Edition
Publisher Place of publication
Article title – in between ‘ and ‘
Journal Title – in italics
Author(s)
Yea
Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle, unless a proper name/noun
volume number, issue
If doi number is available, otherwise,
number, page numbe
provide the URL
Year – use
“n.d.” if
URL – in between “<” and “>”
Author(s)/Editor(s) - Use title (all capitalised) if author unknown
unknown Title – in italics
Date of access/view
Assessment Presentation Guidelines
The key presentation requirements for assessments are listed below. All written assignments must conform to the following checklist:
1. The assignment is submitted in Microsoft Word format
2. The assignment includes a signed Assessment Cover Sheetas the first page
(see Attachment 1 and Attachment 2)
3. The assignment includesa footer on each pageapart from the title page
with your name, student number and page numbe
4. The assignment has 2.54cm margins on all sides
5. The assignment has double spacing throughout
6. The first line of every paragraph is indented by 1.25cm
7. Times New Roman font in size 12 pointis used throughout
8. Text is left aligned (not justified)
9. In-text references and the reference list should follow the
Harvard referencing style
10. Reference list entries have a 1.25cm hanging indent
Headings
Most reports and case studies include headings but not all papers should; therefore, check with your lecturer or tutor to make sure that headings are appropriate for the specific paper you are writing. Headings should be formatted according to the following guidelines:
· The firstlevel should be centered and in bold. Each main word should start with a capital letter.
First Level Heading
· The second levelshould be left-aligned and in bold. Each main word should start with a capital letter.
Second Level Heading
· The third level should be italicised. Each main word should start with a capital letter.
Third Level Heading
· Paragraphs should begin on a new line.
· Headings may be numbered, i.e. 1, 1.1, 1.2, 2, 2.2 and so on.
Assessment word count
All assessments specify a word count. An assessment that is within 10% of the specified word count (either more or less) will not be penalised. However, if you submit an assessment that is more than 10% under or over the specified word count, your grade may be penalised.
As in-text citations of your sources is an assumed part of academic writing, the assessment word count does include the in-text referencing (i.e. autho
date/page number). Quotations are also included in the word count. The title page, table of contents page, reference list or appendices are not included in the word count. It is recommended that you use a computer-generated word count by selecting from the first word of the introduction (or if a report, either the abstract or summary) to the last word of the conclusion (or if a report, the recommendations).
Introduction to Harvard Referencing Style
Academic Integrity and Plagiarism
Academic integrity is based on honesty in all scholarly work. This includes always acknowledging ideas, opinions, theories and information that comes from the work of others in your academic work. If you do not acknowledge the author of ideas, opinions and theories that you present then it appears that you are attempting to present the work of another person as your own, which is known as plagiarism.
Plagiarism is a form of academic misconduct and is taken very seriously by the College and may result in a finding of academic misconduct that can incur penalties including loss of marks, a fail grade for an assessment, a fail grade for a unit, or expulsion from the College. Plagiarism can be accidental / unintentional, and this most often occurs when people do not understand what plagiarism is. Deliberate plagiarism is much more serious, and occurs when a person fails to acknowledge sources although they understand the implications of choosing not to do so. For this reason, the College seeks to educate students about plagiarism and to support new students to understand their responsibilities so as to ensure that they do not accidentally or deliberately plagiarise the work of others.
For more information on academic integrity and plagiarism, please see the APIC Student Handbook and the APIC Academic Integrity Policy.
What is Referencing?
Referencing is a method of acknowledging the sources of information that you use in writing your assignments, such as essays and reports, or any other work of scholarship.
Whenever you present a statement in your assignment that is not your own original idea, opinion or theory, whether it is presented in your own words (paraphrased) or in the author’s exact words (quoted), you must include a reference to acknowledge your source.
Use in-text citations in the body of your writing to
iefly refer to a work and acknowledge the source of information. Provide a reference list at the end of your paper with full details of the in-text citations. The information in the reference list should be sufficient for someone else reading your assignment to find the source themselves if they wish.
There are conventions for how to present in-text citations and reference list entries and these are described below. You are expected to follow these conventions in all of your written work submitted for assessment at APIC unless you are specifically advised otherwise.
Harvard Style of Referencing
At APIC students are expected to use the Harvard style for referencing / acknowledging sources. Harvard style is used widely for academic writing and is commonly used in business disciplines.
Unlike many other styles, there is no source document for a Harvard style, and this guide was developed from a range of online Harvard style guides, most of which were based on
APIC Student Guide to Harvard Referencing Style | 1
Commonwealth of Australia 2002, Style Manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, rev. by Snooks & Co, John Wiley & Sons, Queensland.
This guide includes examples and basic explanations for the most common types of citations used by students. More detailed explanations and examples can be found here and here.
In-Text Citations: Primary References
Primary references are works that you have read yourself, such as journal articles, books, book chapters, websites, government reports and a range of other information sources. To cite primary references follow the conventions below.
· Harvard uses author-date style of referencing. When you incorporate information from a source in your text, place the author’s surname and year of publication in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
Example: The results conclusively proved a co
elation between the risk priority number and severity of occu
ence (Khanal 2018).
· If you use the name of the author(s) in your sentence, place the year of publication in parentheses and omit the author’s last name from the
ackets.
Example: Khanal XXXXXXXXXXobserves that there is a co
elation between risk priority and severity of occu
ence.
· For two or three authors, use the word ‘and’ or place an ampersand (&) between the last two author's names.
o Use “and” if you are writing the author’s names as part of your sentence as in the example below:
Example: Khanal, Lyon and Choudhary XXXXXXXXXXobserve that there is a strong co
elation between risk priority and severity of occu
ence.
o Use “&” if you are placing the author’s names in
ackets as in the example below: Example: It has been shown that there is a strong co
elation between risk priority and severity of occu
ence (Khanal, Lyon & Choudhary 2018).
· For more than three authors, the first time that you cite the authors you need to write all of the names. However, for all other references to the same authors this becomes the surname of the first listed author, followed by the term 'et al.', where ‘et al.’ is a latin term meaning ‘and others’. So, to cite a work published in 2017 with four authors, namely Annelli, Singh, Smith and Wynn, the first time you cite the reference you would write either:
o Example: Annelli, Singh, Smith and Wynn XXXXXXXXXXargued that it is important to consider gross domestic product (GDP) in developing the model. OR
o Example: It has been argued that it is important to consider gross domestic product (GDP) in developing the model (Annelli, Singh, Smith & Wynn 2017).
However, if you are citing the same reference again later in your paper you would write either:
o Example: Annelli et al XXXXXXXXXXconsidered GDP to be an important indicator.
OR
APIC Student Guide to Harvard Referencing Style | 2
o Example: It has been suggested that GDP is an important indicator (Anelli et al. 2017).
· If you directly quote from a source (fewer than 30 words), you must include the page number and enclose the quoted phrase in quotation marks.
Example: Khanal (2018, p. 108) refe
ed to this co
elation as a “statistical anomaly”, contributing….. OR
Example: It was found that the co
elation was a “statistical anomaly” (Khanal 2018, p. 108).
· If the quotation is >30 words do not use quotation marks. Instead, start the quotation on a new line, indent the entire quotation, and finish with the in-text reference.
Example:
It was stated that:
Contractors and consultants view risks differently. Contractors always try to transfer the risk to the owner to gain more time and money on the project. The consultants try to save the owner time and money and transfer the risks to the contractor, forcing the contractor to accept the risks and mitigate the contractor’s own cost and minimize the project duration (El-Sayegh & Mansour 2015, p.120).
· If you are giving a direct quote from a source that does not have a page number (such as a web page), provide the section heading and/or paragraph number:
Example: Retailers must not mislead customers, and “a supplier must accurately describe their goods or services” (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission
2018, ‘False or misleading claims’, para. 1).
In-Text Citations: Secondary References
Secondary references are works that you have not read yourself but which are cited in a source that you have read. For example, if you have read a book by Kirsner XXXXXXXXXXthat refers to a finding by Smith and Rathdown (2014), but you have not actually read the work of Smith and Rathdown, then to refer to the finding of Smith and