Antiviral Materials Week 6
Lewis
Antiviral Materials
1. Silk
2. Copper Oxide
3. Non woven polypropylene or polyeste
NUMBER 1 - There have been studies su
ounding silk suggesting it to be a natural
antibacterial, antimicrobial and antiviral material. Not only do silk masks allow fo
comfort and
eathability but also have hydrophobic properties allowing them to
epel moisture/water. Its most important quality however is the copper within. Coppe
has the ability to kill bacteria and viruses through touch alone. As a result of this,
utilising silk may be one of the most efficient ways to target corona (and other)
viruses through face masks. Domesticated silk moths are fed with mulbe
y leaves,
of which contain copper. This copper from the diet is transfe
ed into the silk as it is
made. This allows for a cruelty free method of extracting silk that will be abundant in
the copper needed to create antiviral masks
(https:
www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/silk-face-mask-s-antimicrobial-antiba
cterial-and-antiviral-properties-can-fight-coronavirus-study/story-ASc6570jwAOTTwx
HeB1idJ.html). As Piraveenth found in week 5, silk masks have a multitude of
enefits other than its antiviral properties as well as highlighting how the
effectiveness of silk masks is dependent on the amount of layers the mask has.
Additionally, copper allergies/hypersensitivity are rare and potentially have reduced
chances of occu
ing due to the amount of copper present in the masks not being
overwhelming (https:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ XXXXXXXXXX/). Furthermore, while
possible and have been reported in the past, silk allergies are also rare which
overall, makes it a suitable antiviral material for the creation of face masks
(https:
www.everydayhealth.com/columns/ava-shamban-your-skin-and-your-health
weathering-fa
ic-allergies/).
I think the main problem associated with silk will be obtaining the desired
transparency required in the mask especially since effectiveness is based on
layering the material.
NUMBER 2 - As previously mentioned with the silk masks, copper is a big part of
antiviral and antibacterial research. Consequently, copper oxide is being heavily
esearched for its antiviral properties within masks. General use masks, while
effective, must be disposed of properly in order to prevent the spread of pathogens.
Most members of the public do not follow the procedures of co
ectly disposing of
their masks (mostly out of lack of knowledge) and as a result antiviral masks have
seen high demand. A study conducted by Borkow G, et al. 2010, demonstrated that
masks that have copper oxide introduced into them gain powerful and effective
anti-influenza properties, while retaining their physical properties
(https:
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone XXXXXXXXXXThis is
especially important as it may be a useful alternative to silk, since silk requires
https:
www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/silk-face-mask-s-antimicrobial-antibacterial-and-antiviral-properties-can-fight-coronavirus-study/story-ASc6570jwAOTTwxHeB1idJ.html
https:
www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/silk-face-mask-s-antimicrobial-antibacterial-and-antiviral-properties-can-fight-coronavirus-study/story-ASc6570jwAOTTwxHeB1idJ.html
https:
www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/silk-face-mask-s-antimicrobial-antibacterial-and-antiviral-properties-can-fight-coronavirus-study/story-ASc6570jwAOTTwxHeB1idJ.html
https:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ XXXXXXXXXX
https:
www.everydayhealth.com/columns/ava-shamban-your-skin-and-your-health/weathering-fa
ic-allergies
https:
www.everydayhealth.com/columns/ava-shamban-your-skin-and-your-health/weathering-fa
ic-allergies
https:
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone XXXXXXXXXX
Lewis
multiple layers to be effective which may be troublesome when creating a
transparent mask. Copper oxides could potentially help us create a mask with fewe
layers while maintaining high filtration, efficiency, and most importantly, transparency.
Within the same study, the masks tested contained ~2.2% copper oxide particles and
were seen to have no negative effects upon the skin or su
ounding toxicity in the
animal trials. Though, this data was not shown within the study. The study furthe
suggests that masks using similar fa
ic to theirs with up to 6 times more coppe
oxide present still had low chances of reactions occu
ing
(https:
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone XXXXXXXXXX).
In a study conducted by Cortes A, et al XXXXXXXXXXThe biocidal properties within coppe
were tested against the Coronaviridae family in hopes of finding methods to prevent
the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for CoronaVirus. The study
concludes that “copper is capable to inhibit, inactivate, reduce, and i
eversibly
destroy coronavirus, influenza virus, and other pathogenic agents in a matter of
minutes” and is suggestive to copper oxide and nanoparticles being used (as filters)
to help prevent viral incubation on items such as face masks
(https:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428768/#
0055).
NUMBER 3 - According to Biedermann K, et al XXXXXXXXXXFi
ous substrates have the
ability to filter out pathogens. By introducing an acidic polymer to this, masks are
suggested to have significant antiviral effects against both inhaled and exhaled air.
The fi
ous material works through catching viruses and other microorganisms,
depositing them on the surface, eventually neutralising them. Some masks may be
equipped with viral-destroying agents such as citric acid (as listed in the study) which
will then target and kill the neutralised virus
(https:
patents.google.com/patent/WO2008009651A1/en).
NOTE: While interesting, this might be a little outdated and I think I need more
information around it before I can say anymore?
This could be used alongside number 1 and 2. Since the fi
ous substrate can catch
and neutralise the virus they are perfect for an outside layer. The following layers
could be filter material infused with copper oxide to ensure that viruses and bacteria
of which make contact will be killed before finally coming to a layer that is both skin
friendly and hydrophobic. An example of how this would look can be seen
demonstrated below.
https:
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone XXXXXXXXXX
https:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428768/#
0055
https:
patents.google.com/patent/WO2008009651A1/en
Lewis
Image adapted from: https:
iocity.co.uk/pharm2farm-develops-antiviral-face-masks
https:
iocity.co.uk/pharm2farm-develops-antiviral-face-masks
Antiviral Materials Week 6
Lewis
Antiviral Materials
1. Silk
2. Copper Oxide
3. Non woven polypropylene or polyeste
NUMBER 1 - There have been studies su
ounding silk suggesting it to be a natural
antibacterial, antimicrobial and antiviral material. Not only do silk masks allow fo
comfort and
eathability but also have hydrophobic properties allowing them to
epel moisture/water. Its most important quality however is the copper within. Coppe
has the ability to kill bacteria and viruses through touch alone. As a result of this,
utilising silk may be one of the most efficient ways to target corona (and other)
viruses through face masks. Domesticated silk moths are fed with mulbe
y leaves,
of which contain copper. This copper from the diet is transfe
ed into the silk as it is
made. This allows for a cruelty free method of extracting silk that will be abundant in
the copper needed to create antiviral masks
(https:
www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/silk-face-mask-s-antimicrobial-antiba
cterial-and-antiviral-properties-can-fight-coronavirus-study/story-ASc6570jwAOTTwx
HeB1idJ.html). As Piraveenth found in week 5, silk masks have a multitude of
enefits other than its antiviral properties as well as highlighting how the
effectiveness of silk masks is dependent on the amount of layers the mask has.
Additionally, copper allergies/hypersensitivity are rare and potentially have reduced
chances of occu
ing due to the amount of copper present in the masks not being
overwhelming (https:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ XXXXXXXXXX/). Furthermore, while
possible and have been reported in the past, silk allergies are also rare which
overall, makes it a suitable antiviral material for the creation of face masks
(https:
www.everydayhealth.com/columns/ava-shamban-your-skin-and-your-health
weathering-fa
ic-allergies/).
I think the main problem associated with silk will be obtaining the desired
transparency required in the mask especially since effectiveness is based on
layering the material.
NUMBER 2 - As previously mentioned with the silk masks, copper is a big part of
antiviral and antibacterial research. Consequently, copper oxide is being heavily
esearched for its antiviral properties within masks. General use masks, while
effective, must be disposed of properly in order to prevent the spread of pathogens.
Most members of the public do not follow the procedures of co
ectly disposing of
their masks (mostly out of lack of knowledge) and as a result antiviral masks have
seen high demand. A study conducted by Borkow G, et al. 2010, demonstrated that
masks that have copper oxide introduced into them gain powerful and effective
anti-influenza properties, while retaining their physical properties
(https:
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone XXXXXXXXXXThis is
especially important as it may be a useful alternative to silk, since silk requires
https:
www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/silk-face-mask-s-antimicrobial-antibacterial-and-antiviral-properties-can-fight-coronavirus-study/story-ASc6570jwAOTTwxHeB1idJ.html
https:
www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/silk-face-mask-s-antimicrobial-antibacterial-and-antiviral-properties-can-fight-coronavirus-study/story-ASc6570jwAOTTwxHeB1idJ.html
https:
www.hindustantimes.com/more-lifestyle/silk-face-mask-s-antimicrobial-antibacterial-and-antiviral-properties-can-fight-coronavirus-study/story-ASc6570jwAOTTwxHeB1idJ.html
https:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ XXXXXXXXXX
https:
www.everydayhealth.com/columns/ava-shamban-your-skin-and-your-health/weathering-fa
ic-allergies
https:
www.everydayhealth.com/columns/ava-shamban-your-skin-and-your-health/weathering-fa
ic-allergies
https:
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone XXXXXXXXXX
Lewis
multiple layers to be effective which may be troublesome when creating a
transparent mask. Copper oxides could potentially help us create a mask with fewe
layers while maintaining high filtration, efficiency, and most importantly, transparency.
Within the same study, the masks tested contained ~2.2% copper oxide particles and
were seen to have no negative effects upon the skin or su
ounding toxicity in the
animal trials. Though, this data was not shown within the study. The study furthe
suggests that masks using similar fa
ic to theirs with up to 6 times more coppe
oxide present still had low chances of reactions occu
ing
(https:
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone XXXXXXXXXX).
In a study conducted by Cortes A, et al XXXXXXXXXXThe biocidal properties within coppe
were tested against the Coronaviridae family in hopes of finding methods to prevent
the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent for CoronaVirus. The study
concludes that “copper is capable to inhibit, inactivate, reduce, and i
eversibly
destroy coronavirus, influenza virus, and other pathogenic agents in a matter of
minutes” and is suggestive to copper oxide and nanoparticles being used (as filters)
to help prevent viral incubation on items such as face masks
(https:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428768/#
0055).
NUMBER 3 - According to Biedermann K, et al XXXXXXXXXXFi
ous substrates have the
ability to filter out pathogens. By introducing an acidic polymer to this, masks are
suggested to have significant antiviral effects against both inhaled and exhaled air.
The fi
ous material works through catching viruses and other microorganisms,
depositing them on the surface, eventually neutralising them. Some masks may be
equipped with viral-destroying agents such as citric acid (as listed in the study) which
will then target and kill the neutralised virus
(https:
patents.google.com/patent/WO2008009651A1/en).
NOTE: While interesting, this might be a little outdated and I think I need more
information around it before I can say anymore?
This could be used alongside number 1 and 2. Since the fi
ous substrate can catch
and neutralise the virus they are perfect for an outside layer. The following layers
could be filter material infused with copper oxide to ensure that viruses and bacteria
of which make contact will be killed before finally coming to a layer that is both skin
friendly and hydrophobic. An example of how this would look can be seen
demonstrated below.
https:
journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone XXXXXXXXXX
https:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7428768/#
0055
https:
patents.google.com/patent/WO2008009651A1/en
Lewis
Image adapted from: https:
iocity.co.uk/pharm2farm-develops-antiviral-face-masks
https:
iocity.co.uk/pharm2farm-develops-antiviral-face-masks/