Biology 107
Biology XXXXXXXXXXBirney
Study Guide V –Cell Structure
Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student
should be able to complete the following:
Vocabulary for Chapter 6:
See organelle list for all the organelles you are responsible for in this chapter.
1. Be able to identify all the organelles on a drawing of a plant or animal cell and describe
the function of that organelle.
2. Describe the function of the cytoplasm.
3. Describe the possible route a secretory protein might take from synthesis to secretion.
4. Why is it beneficial to keep the lysosomal enzymes in their own organelle?
Biology 107
Birney Biology 150
Chapter 7: The Plasma Mem
ane and Cell Transport
Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the
student should be able to complete the following:
Study questions:
1. According to the fluid mosaic model, what does a mem
ane look like, including
associated proteins?
2. What is the difference between integral mem
ane proteins and peripheral
mem
ane proteins?
3. Describe the 6 different functions of mem
ane proteins?
4. Explain how osmosis causes a cell to swell or shrink?
5. Describe how active transport functions and how it differs from passive transport.
6. Describe the different ways a cell can move large quantities of material in and out
of the cell.
7. Answer “Test your Understanding” Question #9 about i
igation and increased
soil salinity.
Biology 101
Birney Biology 107
Chapter 8: Introduction to Metabolism
Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student
should be able to complete the following:
Study questions:
1. What are 2 general types of metabolic pathways? How do they differ from each other?
2. What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics?
3. What are the 3 types of work that the energy stored in ATP is used to accomplish?
4. Why is ATP a good molecule for storing or transfe
ing energy?
5. Draw and label energy profiles for an endergonic and an exergonic chemical reaction. (You
must use a line graph not a bar graph, see Figure 8.13 as an example)
Biology 101
Birney Biology 150
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the student
should be able to complete the following:
Study questions:
1. Why does a cell release energy gradually from glucose?
2. What are the 3 metabolic stages of cellular respiration?
3. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? the citric acid cycle? oxidative
phosphorylation?
4. During glycolysis, how many ATP are invested in the
eakdown of glucose? How many
ATP are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation? How many NADH are generated?
5. What happens to pyruvate after it is transfe
ed to the mitochondrion?
6. How many ATP are generated by substrate-level phosphorylation during the citric acid
cycle? How many NADH are generated? How many FADH2?
7. As electrons are passed down the electron transport chain, how is the gradually released
energy "stored" and then used to make ATP? (i.e. explain how the electron transport chain
and chemiosmosis work)
8. Explain when fermentation occurs and what happens during fermentation?
9. What is the evolutionary significance of glycolysis occu
ing in the cytoplasm?
10. In addition to the
eakdown of glucose, the citric acid cycle can be used to help
eakdown
which other macromolecules? It can also be used to make which group of monomers?
11. Which key enzyme in glycolysis is regulated by feedback inhibition, what regulates it and
what is the result of this regulation?
Biology 101
Birney Biology 150
Chapter 10: Photosynthesis
Specific Objectives: As a result of reviewing the assigned reading and lecture notes, the
student should be able to complete the following:
Study questions:
1. Why do plants have accessory pigments in addition to chlorophyll a?
2. Describe cyclic electron flow (be sure to include which photosystems are involved and what
end products are made in the reactions).
3. Describe non-cyclic electron flow in the light reactions of photosynthesis (be sure to include
which photosystems are involved and what end products are made in the reactions).
4. Explain how CO2 is "fixed" by the Calvin cycle and converted into glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate. (i.e. explain how the whole Calvin cycle works)
5. Why does the cell make unequal amounts of ATP and NADPH in the light reactions?