□ ‘Submitted’ entered in database (Staff initial ______ Date _________ XXXXXXXXXXJoy: _________ _________________ □ Results emailed to student (Staff initial ______ Date _______) Results entered in...

Assessment 1
Q1. Think of three people you know whom you consider to be effective leaders. In a few words, describe what makes the person an effective leader.
Ans1. Following are the three leaders whom I consider influential and transformational. Always been motivated from their efforts, conquering failures and able to strive for excellence.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
I believe he was one of the greatest leader who made a difference in lives of millions of people. Always inclined to help people, Mahatma Gandhi had completed his law from London and came back to serve his country. He was one of the most critical freedom fighter whose determination was able to set the country free. Qualities like empowerment, oration and inspiration were one of the prominent characteristic by the virtue of which he was able to convince and motivate hundreds of Indians for Dandi march. Even his approach to handle the problem was very different unveiling his visionary nature and courageous attitude.
Barack Obama
Barack Obama was one of the great leaders who displays the traits of earnestness and self-discipline. He is a true leader and has a personality that inspires huge number of people. He was not only the first black senator of Illinois but also the first black United Stated President. He represented his countrymen and worked for their empowerment by the virtue of new policies and programs. Visionary and determined to change the world for good took multiple initiative. He began the healthcare program which was refined and remodelled to incorporate more number of people which was called as Obamacare and has worked to resolve several issues like unemployment and immigrations. He is one of the leader that has good communication skills and is eloquent in what he writes and speaks able to inspire people and influence their actions. Being a risk taker he is an commendable example of overcoming failures and learning from the past.
Nelson Madela
He is one of the exemplary example of being a great leader. He was an angry young man who use to protest and believe in violence however he learnt to be humble and adapt with the situations. I came across exceptionally interesting and catchy song called the invincible that assisted Nelson to release from prison in 1990. He was a critical leader who was instrumental in abolishing apartheid and introduce many racial elections in the country. He was an excellent orator and inspired people to join and support him in a fight against non-violence and co
upted power. He was able to influence the prospective of his listeners and provide them with new views to think about. He displayed great leadership traits of not just having a strong vision, dedication and determination but also acceptance and tolerance towards the opposition.
Q2. In your own words, explain what you understand by the following:
a) Trait theory of leadership: By the virtue of this theory it explains that there are some innate qualities of being a great leader that comes by birth. Taking reference from “Theories of personality” (Feist, Feist and Roberts, 2013) we can incorporate the principles and resonate the old English saying “Leader are born and not made” hence there are certain characteristic or qualities that are absolutely essential and connected to successful leadership in various situations. Aptitude and prowess to lead is something that one gets from birth and not something that can be developed. However, there are some limitations with this theory since all the traits are not quantifiable like honesty, ambition and loyalty. Also, this theory relates physical characteristics like height and weight with that of effectiveness of leadership that might not be true in most cases.
) Behavioural theories of leadership: Taking reference from “Leadership Skills: illusion or necessity study based on trait theories of leadership” (Kanodia, 2016) this theory concentrates on the analysis and scrutiny of certain behaviour of a leader. As per this theory, behaviour of the leader is the best predictor of the effectiveness of his leadership. This school of thought actually believes in "Leaders are made not born". Emphasis is on one's actual actions and not on their traits. Furthermore, this theory majorly describes that there are skills that one possesses that makes one a leader. These skills can be categorised as technical or human. Technical that comes from the knowledge of particular domain and process of technique while human comes from the ability to manage people. Identifying potential in people, mapping goals, motivating employees for attaining the desired objectives describes characteristic of a good leader that
ings out satisfaction in the follower. McGregor's theory is based on how a leader perceives human nature of the followers. According to Theory X and Theory Y there are two perceptions basis which a leader or manager makes assumption about human nature and behaviour toward work.
· Theory X - assumes that people have negative attitude towards work and are i
esponsible. Humans dislike to put in efforts that is the reason why leaders has to provide close supervision to the jobs. In such case leaders apply autocratic leadership. As per Kurt's theory, leaders that follow autocratic style makes their expectation very clear from the beginning regarding what they want and how things must be done. They prefer to maintain certain distance from the members of the team and doesn’t get involved in the personal matters. Decisions are taken individually by the leaders and team members are obliged to fulfil the desired objective. This can limit creativity and emerge a lot of discontent amongst the people.
· Theory Y - assumes that people have positive attitude towards work and feels responsible for their job. There is self-motivation to perform better. Humans generally put in extra efforts to be creative and innovative. Theory Y signifies a constructive and affirmative nature of people where they exercise self-discipline and tenacity at their work. In this scenario leaders signify participative leadership style. Leaders who believes in Theory Y generally takes either Democratic or Laissez-faire style of leadership. As per theory explained by Kurt, such leaders are more participative and provides autonomy to the team members. Decisions are taken after consulting the members of the team that make them more motivated and productive.
c) Contingency theories of leadership – Taking reference from “Leadership Skills: illusion or necessity study based on trait theories of leadership” (Kanodia, 2016) central theme of contingency theory is based on how leaders adapt to the situation and applies different approaches to attain the desired objectives and become effective in his/her leadership. This can be best explained by Fielder's Contingency that describes the attitudes of the leaders co
esponding to the situation. There might be a leadership style that may be dominant however there is no single style of leadership that can be a solution in all the scenario. Essentially leader has to determine whether the situation is favourable or not. the assumptions that effective leadership is dependent on appropriate style applied basis the requirements and this is something that can be learned. Match between the style applied, behaviour and personality with respect to the situation leads to effectiveness.
· Leader-Member Relations- This parameter explains the degree of trust and credence that members of team has on their leader. More is the faith and influence leader has in the group greater is the favourable situation.
· Task Structure - This emphasis whether the task is organised and structured or disorganised and vague. Formalization on task at hand and specifying the roles and responsibilities of each member can provide clarity to the team that who is performing what part and avoid redundancies of work. This can result into enhanced team strength and productive. However, if there is no division of work and team members have less clarity on how to achieve the objectives then there might be intra-group conflicts and less productivity
· Leader's Position Power- This is the power that is driven from position by the virtue of which one can direct the group. Position that provided authority to leader can be utilised to reward of punish and stimulate desired actions from the members of the group. Greater is the power more favourable if the situation.
Q3. What are the key differences between a manager and a leader?
    Manage
    Leade
    A manager has to take care of administrate as well leadership aspect. This is because management is a superset and by design incorporate the leadership
    It is not necessary that a leader will be a manager also. Leadership forms a part of management and is a na
ower term
    
Manager has a clear understanding with the structure of organization hence gels well with the management and administrative aspects
    Leader may or may not fit well with the structure and hierarchy of the organization. He/ She may be a leader in an informal setting rather than formal structure
    There are numerous different functions of management that has to handled and exercised by a manger. Therefore, a manager approaches to a solve a problem at hand is more holistic in nature
    A leader on the other hand has the ability to influence and motivate people to attain the goals. Essentially, leader performs only one aspect of the various management functions which can be categorized as directing
    Manager possess certain authority that comes from position and role that is delegated from senior management
    Leader also possess certain authority however he/she earns to get this power by the virtue of skills, knowledge and abilities
     It is essential to be a good leader in order to be a successful manage
    It is not necessary that a leader needs to be effective manager as well
Q5 What do you understand by social corporate responsibility?
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an initiative by the virtue of which organisations are able to contribute for the sustainable and holistic development of the society. They are more concerned and aware about the impact of their trade on the rest of the community and public that also includes stakeholders like employee, investors, customers, top management and environment. Essentially CSR is about how organisations handles and manages their processes to manufacture in such a way that it provides valuable and favourable impact on society. It touches various aspects of environment, education and healthcare such that business that exist in the world not just get reduced to money minting machine rather vouch and strive for sustainable development that doesn’t compromises on ethics and carefully analyse impacts on society.
Is it important for leaders and organisations to demonstrate social corporate responsibility? Why or why not?
Yes, indeed it is very important for leaders and organisation to invest and pursue in corporate social responsibility(CSR). According to famous English prove
by John C. Maxwell, "A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way and shows the way" if business leaders who are generally very influential in nature and possess a persuasive nature devotes in the CSR then this would produce a positive impact not just with its outcomes but also with the awareness all across the community. Taking reference from “A comparative analysis of situationalism and 9,9 management by principle” (Blake and Mouton, 1982) CSR has major impact on employee base and wider public as a whole. It can be one of the major parameter to decrease employee attrition, increase productivity and engagement in the employee. Employees appreciates organisation performing other than their key performing areas on which business normally concentrates. An organisation is made from people and there is no denying any organisation can't operates if its society and community is struggling. Strong, Integrated communities build strong business, most organisation depend on strong local economy to draw creative and talented potential candidates that can generate value for the organisation. One of primary aspect of CSR is that mainstream business joins hand with the non-profitable organisations that are professional in supporting the community for a cause and works towards strengthening the community...