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Astrocytes may play a role in depression
Introduction
Glial cells and astrocytes function
Glial cells are the cells which delivers auxiliary function to the central nervous system. It is also known as the glue of the central nervous system and it plays a pivotal role in the functioning of
ain and its development. There are generally three types of glial cells which are called astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. The astrocytes are the main focus of our study as its plays a crucial role in the synaptogenesis of the central nervous system and helps in proper transmission and regulation of the synaptic (Altshuler et al.; 2010). Astrocytes are located between the
ain and the spinal cord and reveals a star like appearance. The ultimate function of the astrocytes is to consistently supply and maintain a chemical atmosphere in various manners for transporting neuronal signalling
Main mental disorders and neurodegenerative alterations monoamine imbalance and gliocentric hypothesis
Once in 1950, a drug called reserpine was prescribed to 20% of the patients in order to regulate blood pressure caused side effect in the form of depressions among these patients. It was also found that thus drug reduces a cluster of neurotransmitters called monoamines. There have been several studies on the
ain monoamine system which plays a direct role in occu
ence of depression. It was later discovered that monoamine depletion does not impacts the clinically ill patient with depressive symptoms but it’s the recovered patient with past occu
ence of depression who have problems of monoamine depletion. Therefore, the mood disorder happens when fewer monoamine molecules are presented for binding the receptors.
The gliocentric hypothesis signifies that astrocytes which are also called glial cells exercise modulatory function for the preservation of the self -regulating process in the
ain area which is also called homeostasis. It is astrocytes which regulates the heartbeat and
eathing rhythm in an energetic manner. It is due to the fact that imbalances in the glial function are responsible for the sudden infant death syndrome and this is why the general methods for testing hypothesis is delineated (Meyer, J. H., Ginovart, N., Boovariwala, A., Sagrati, S., Hussey, D., Garcia, A., et al. (2006).
Astrocytes and astrocytic network and its possible role in psychiatric disorders
Imbalances in astrocytes and dysfunction in astrocytic network can cause various mental issues like depressive psychopathologies like suicides. Actually, the astrocytes are multifaceted cells having multiple functions. These functions are regulation in the flow of blood among the human beings, immunity controlling and neuronal functions as well as synaptic communication and plasticity (C Nagy, M Suderman, J Yang, M Szyf, N Mechawar, C Ernst and G Turecki; 2014).
In the year 1895 in a study conducted by Santiago Ramóny Cajal stated that it is the astrocytes which is the major subtypes of glial cells in
ain, controlling of the sleep and during waking state. Thus, astrocytes system are the electrical insulators which extended between neurons and acts as a circuit
eaker in order to facilitate sleep. When it is withdrawn it allows the neuronal circuits to interconnect and enables wakefulness. The modern study states that astrocytes have an intimate structural and functional relationships with the neurons and based on physiology are able to control the...