Management and OperationsBusiness Law

Leadership and Manage
LO1 Differentiate between role of leader and the function of a manager
In general, a leader is different from the functional manager. This is due to the given responsibilities that should have to perform and help in achieving goals and objectives.
Concept of Leadership
In the word of O'Neill (2011), leadership means an ability of a person to motivate, influence, and enable others to apply full efforts to achieve the success of the organization for that they work. Stringham (2012) also gives the supportive statement in the context of leadership and describes leadership through its right decisions and right things. HILL and HILL (2011) describe leadership with the help of its two main elements that are task and people.
Concept of Management
According to the definition of Peter Drucker, management does the right things because it is an organized body of knowledge (Drucker, 2009). Another researcher Mintzberg (2009) says that the management means controlling and directing a group of people or an individual for achieving the purpose of harmonizing and coordinating the people of groups towards the implementation of strategies related to goals for accomplishing the aim of the organization. Stein (2010) describes management with the help of its related functions that are organizing, planning, controlling and leading.
Theory of management
The theories of management are a new science which has started in the early 20th century. In this context, the first theory of management function was given by Fayol that describes the managers through six roles such as planning, forecasting, organizing, coordinating, commanding and controlling (Wang, et al, 2016). This theory says that managers are responsible to make the decision about the distribution of the power related to decision making. The organizational theory introduced by Max Weber describes the management function as vital for the organization because of its direct impacts on the performance of labor. Another management theory is described by Mintzberg that differentiates between common roles of the managers and the assumed work with them. This theory describes three types of the management theories that are known as interpersonal, informational and decisional (Drucker, 2009).
Leadership theories
There are some leadership theories such as trait theory that describes leaders are either made or born with certain qualities which helps them to perform the roles of leadership (O'Neill, 2011). On the other hand, behavioral theories of leadership say that the leader does not born they are made through experience and quality (Brooks, 2018). It means leadership is concerned with the tasks and people only rather than function.
LO2 Apply the role of a leader and the function of a manager in the given contexts,
In the context of an organization, the leader and the functional manager, both have their own responsibilities but the situations affect the role of leaders and functions of a manager. Leadership is an essential term for the success of the organization because leaders use communication to convey the message, motivate employees and delegate work to employees (Drucker, 2012). Companies select a leader with an effective personal leading style that helps in coordinating with entire human resources and changes their style as per the need of employees. In this context, the function of a manager is only to follow the order of leaders and ensure the performance of employees as per the need. Further, the manager’s function does not include the employee motivation but it includes the successful implementation of the orders of leaders to ensure the timely fulfillment of organizational goals and objectives (Marquis and Huston, 2009). For example, leadership and managers use different approaches and theories to address the situations as per the need of the organization.
A leader uses situational leadership to change their style as per the need to ensure the success of the organization (Stremba, 2009). But a manager cannot change their function because of limitations. Leadership can make a decision beyond their boundaries but the managers cannot make such decision that is not defined in the job profile.
Leadership also uses system leadership style is generally used by the leadership for creating a shared vision of what is significant and what should have to achieve through ultimate efforts. Therefore, they make policies, rules and regulations for employees that are achieved by the efforts of managers. After the approach of leaders, the functional manager makes a group of employees and takes work done by them as per the policies of the leader ( Lewis, el al, 2006). This is because that the functional managers use the task-oriented approach within an organization, while the leadership of organization uses relationship-oriented approaches.
Management by objective is a theory that describes how the functional manager can put control on available resources and utilize the resources effectively to accomplish the missions of the organization. On the other hand, the leadership uses chaos theory to predict the situation or the process to ensure the collaboration between managers and employees (Hodge and Coronado, 2010). But this theory is not very effective for managers because it causes inefficiencies in organizational behavior and production that will result in the failure of the organization in achieving organizational objectives and goals. The difference between the function of managers and role of leaders can also be explained with the help of Management by Objectives (MBO), which is a technique for personnel management. This theory is used by the managers to work with the employees, monitor their productivity to ensure timely goal achievement (Aluya, 2009).
LO3 demonstrate an appreciation of the role leaders and managers play in the operations functions of an organization
Operation function of an organization is the most important part as it administers the organizational activities and makes improvement in production’s quality. According to Slack, Brandon-jones and Johnston (2013), operational functions are processes for utilizing the organizational resources in an effective manner that helps in increasing the companies productivity. Operational process facilitates to convert available raw materials into final goods. The operation functions of an organization can be described by different theories such as lean production theory, six sigma theory and queuing theory.
Six Sigma: It is a well-known methodology that is used to accomplish organizational tasks and make improvement in performance. In this context, the leader plays a role in applying the six sigma methodology for implementing teamwork and improving their efforts. On the other hand, the role of the manager is to use effective strategies that can help to utilize resources in productivity improvement.
TQM (Total Quality Management): This approach is used to focus on continuous quality improvement in the term of offered products and services to meet the customers’ demand and need. In this context, the role of the manager is to follow...