PowerPoint Presentation
Paraphrasing, Summarizing
and Quoting
The Canadian Writer’s World
Note Taking:
It’s important to take notes of what
you’ve read. If you understand the main
idea and the supporting details, then it
will be easier to paraphrase or
summarize the information into your
writing. By taking these steps, you
eliminate the probability of plagiarizing.
Avoiding Plagiarism
1. You don’t need to cite common knowledge.
The Earth is round.
2. Any text taken from a source must be cited.
3. Even if you state the information in your own words, fact, opinions, or ideas taken from a source must
e cited
4. Fact, ideas or opinions that you recall hearing must be cited. If you can not find the source, you can
not use the information.
5. If you aren’t sure if something needs to be cited, it’s better to cite it than not to.
When you paraphrase, keep length and order the
same, but you use your own words. You do not
include your thoughts and/or opinion.
Paraphrasing
How to Paraphrase
• Read the original text and underline key ideas
• Use your own words to restate the key ideas
• Use approximately the same number of words as the
original text
• To prevent copying the text, place the original text in
another location
• Do not change the meaning of the original text
• Do not put in your own opinions
• Document the source (author and title of original text)
• Reread your paraphrase
Summarizing
A summary is shorter than a paraphrase. It
provides the most important ideas in your
own words. Your thoughts and opinion
must not be included in the summary.
Read, reread and read again.
Be sure to understand it.
Highlight key information: title, subtitles, main
points.
Review the introduction and the conclusion.
These sections often summarize the information.
In your own words write the main
idea and supporting points.
Don’t include dates, stats or other
numbers.
In your summary draft, begin with the
title of the article, the author’s name and
the thesis.
The main points follow with the support
provided in the article.
If you’ve read and understood the article,
it should be easy for you to remember the
points and state them in your own words.
Read and edit your first draft.
Have someone read your summary
and provide feedback on its clarity.
Do not forget to cite your source.
E
ors students make when summarizing:
• Copy ve
atim
• Write excessively short summaries missing key
information
• Lengthy –giving too much information
• Don’t cite the source
Important Skills Developed When Summarizing
• Reading skills (main ideas)
• Vocabulary skills (alter vocabulary and
grammar)
• Critical thinking skills (main ideas)
• Writing and editing skills (draft and edit
summary)
How to Summarize
• Read the original text
• Ensure you understand the main points
• Ask yourself who, what, when, where, why, and how
questions
• Restate the essential ideas in your own ideas
• Keep the original meaning
• Do not include your own opinions
• Document the source (author and title of original text)
• Reread your summary
• An effective way to support your position
• Limit the number of quotes used in pape
• Use a variety of direct and indirect quotes
Quoting
Direct Quotations
• Contains the exact words of an autho
• ”Who did this?” my mom shrieked, as my
sister and I stood frozen with fear.
• “Jane did it,“ I assured her shamelessly as
I pointed my finger at my quivering sister.
Indirect Quotations
• Is not in quotations
• Keeps the author’s meaning
As Jane and I stood frozen with fear, our
shrieking mother asked who did it. I
assured her shamelessly that Jane did it,
as my finger pointed at my quivering
sister.
Direct Indirect
• ”Who did this?” my
mom shrieked, as my
sister and I stood
frozen with fear.
• “Jane did it,“ I assured
her shamelessly as I
pointed my finger at
my quivering sister.
As Jane and I stood
frozen with fear, our
shrieking mother asked
who did it. I assured her
shamelessly that Jane
did it, as my finger
pointed at my quivering
sister.
Block Quotations:
This format is used when the information that is being
quoted is more than 40 words or 4 lines.
Introduce the quote and then on a new line indent 10
spaces or 2.5 cm from the the left margin. All quoted
lines must be indented.
Refer to example on p. 124
Spot Quotations:
A spot quotation is a word or a
phrase placed within your sentence
that indicates these words are not
yours. You place quotation marks
efore and after the word(s).
Refer to example on p. 125
If you leave out a word or words from a quote, you indicate this omission with three dots called ellipses (…).
If you add or change within the quote, you place square
ackets around your words.
Integrating quotes into your writing
1. According to Dr. Brown,
2. A complete sentence followed by a colon.
3. Do not use any punctuation to introduce anything
less than a sentence ( a few words or a phrase).
4.Use a comma to separate your words from the
source’s words.
Refer to p XXXXXXXXXX
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How to Paraphrase
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E
ors students make when summarizing:
Important Skills Developed When Summarizing
How to Summarize
Slide 14
Direct Quotations
Indirect Quotations
Direct Indirect
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