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For task 1 here are the reproductive system for female- oval, fimbriae, uterine tubes, ovarian ligament, endometrium, uterus, clitoris, cervical canal, cervix, vagina, labia [minor/ major]Male...

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TUTOR’S COMMENTS
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This unit has 3 learning outcomes.
LEARNING OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
The learner will:
The learner can:
1. Understand the human reproductive
system.
1.1. Describe the structure and function of
the male and female reproductive
systems, including gamete formation.
1.2. Explain fertilization.
1.3. Describe human em
yonic and foetal
development.
1.4. Describe the birthing process.
1.5. Outline the menstrual cycle.
2. Understand meiosis and Mendelian
genetics.
2.1. State Mendel’s laws.
2.2. Describe chromosome behaviour in the
meiotic divisions.
2.3. Predict outcomes of genetic crosses
with Punnett squares for dominant-
ecessive, co-dominant, sex-linked and
multi-allelic inheritance patterns.

3. Understand human inherited conditions XXXXXXXXXXIdentify classes of genetic mutations in
humans.
3.2. Explain how an allele associated with a
human genetic condition might confer a
selective advantage.
3.3. Interpret human karyotypes in terms of
the sex of the individual and any
abnormalities in the chromosome pairs.
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LO1 Understand the human reproductive system.
Task 1. (A.C 1.1, 1.5)
Describe the structure and function of organs of the male and female reproductive system, include gamete
formation and the female menstrual cycle.
Task 2. (A.C 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4)
Explain the process of egg fertilisation and one key developmental phase of em
yonic/foetal development.
Conclude with the birthing process.
LO 2. Understand Meiosis and Mendelian inheritance.
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Task 3. (A.C 2.1, 2.2)
Describe chromosomal behaviour in Meiotic division and how this was described in Mendal’s laws of
inheritance.
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Task 4. (A.C 2.3)
Complete the following genetic crosses.
a) Tay-Sachs is an autosomal recessive disorder with the following alleles:
T – Unaffected allele
t - Affected allele
Complete a punnet square for a monohy
id cross, where both parents are heterozygous. (include phenotype
and genotype ratios).
) Blood type is a co-dominant multi-allelic trait with the following alleles:
A – Co-dominant
B – Co-dominant
o – Recessive.
Complete a punnet square for a monohy
id cross, where 1 parent is heterozygous blood type A and the other
parent is heterozygous blood type B. (include phenotype and genotype ratios).
c) Haemophilia is an X-linked disorder with the following alleles:
X’ Affected
X Unaffected
Y Unaffected
Complete a punnet square for a monohy
id cross, where the father is unaffected and the mother is a ca
ier
(include phenotype and genotype ratios).
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LO 3. Understand human inherited conditions.
Task 5. (A.C 3.1, 3.2)
Sickle cell anaemia in a genetically inherited recessive disorder. Explain the type of mutation that has led to
the sickle cell trait and how this disease may have a selective advantage.
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Task 6. (AC 3.3)
Below is a human karyotype, interpret the sex of the individual and explain any abnormalities.
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Answered 2 days After May 08, 2022

Solution

Dr Shweta answered on May 10 2022
85 Votes
Solutions
Ans 1. The structure and function of organs of the male and female reproductive system along with gamete formation and the female menstrual cycle is describes as below:
A. Male reproductive system-
The male reproductive system is responsible for sexual reproduction and urination. Most of the parts of male reproductive system are situated outside the body and are known as external organs. For example-Penis, Scrotum and testicles. While those parts of male reproductive system which are situated inside the body are known as Internal organs. Example-Vas deferens, epididymis, prostate gland, seminal vesicle, Cowper’s gland, Ejaculatory ducts and urethra. The function of each of the part is explained as below:
1.Penis- It is the main organ for sexual intercourse and has the opening for urine and semen. It has sponge like erectile tissue known as corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum which helps in the erection of penis.
2.Scrotum- It is a loose pouch like structure which contains testicles and is located below the penis.
3.Testicles or Testes- Primary sex organ of male responsible for making sperms and male sex hormone Testosterone.
4. Seminiferous tubules- It is located within the testes and is the main site of meiotic division and sperm formation.
5.Vas Deferens-It is a long tube-like structure that runs from epididymis to urethra and helps in the transport of mature sperms.
6.Epididymis-Long coiled tube that transport and store sperm cells and helps in their maturation. It is present on the back side of testes
7.Seminal Vesicles- Produced fructose rich fluid that provides energy to the sperm to move.
8. Prostate Gland- It produces fluid that helps in the nourishment of sperm.
9. Cowper’s Gland- It produces fluid that helps in the lu
ication of urethra and for neutralizing the acidity of urine.
10.Ejaculatory duct-form by fusion of vas-deferens and seminal vesicles and help in the transfer of semen.
11. Urethra-It is a tube that ca
ies urine from bladder to the outside of body and also helps in ejaculation of sperms.
B. Female reproductive system-
The female reproductive system is responsible for sexual reproduction and development of fetus. The major parts of female reproductive system are: Ovaries, Fallopian tube, Uterus, Cervix, Vagina, Clitoris and Vulva. The function of each of the part is explained as below:
1.Ovaries -These are the primary female sex organ responsible for the formation of ovum and female sex hormone estrogen and progesterone.
2. Ovarian Ligaments-It is a supporting ligament of ovary and uterus present within the pelvis.
3. Fallopian tube- These are the small tube-like structures present near the ovary and is the primary site of fertilization of sperm and ovum.
4. Fim
iae- These are the finger like projections of fallopian tube that helps to capture the released ovum
5. Uterus – This is a sac like structure which holds and provides nourishment to developing fetus. Also known as Mother’s womb.
6. Endometrium – This is the wall of uterus that helps in the placenta formation and sheds as menstrual blood if no fertilization occurs.
7.Cervix- It is the neck of uterus whose strong and thick walls helps to hold fetus and during child birth it expands to allow the baby to pass.
8.Vagina- It is a hollow tube that runs from opening of vagina to uterus that acts as passage for menstrual blood and as a birth canal.
9.Clitoris- It is a small sensory organ located in front of vulva.
10.Vulva – It is the external part of female...
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