225-Manual-SP2021-Hy
id EXP 1-10
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THE COMPLETE HANDOUT FOR THE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AND OTHER COURSE
MATERIALS MAY BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE BLACKBOARD SITE FOR CHEM 225LB
THROUGH Hunter Blackboard (https:
hunter.cuny.edu/quick-links/)
HUNTER COLLEGE
Department Of Chemistry
Organic Laboratory II
Hy
id Chemistry 225
You have learned the basic laboratory techniques in organic chemistry-I
lab. Now you should be able to work more independently than in the
first-semester. You will work individually during all in-person
Experiments 5-8 (Week 5 – 12). You will have to plan your own allotment of
time. In order to avoid falling behind you will have to ca
y out some
(previously planned) reactions at the same time you are continuing work on
earlier experiments.
In addition to ca
ying out several organic syntheses you will identify a
functional groups in unknown compounds as well as separate and identify
the compounds in an unknown binary mixture. These identifications will
equire the use of both chemical and spectroscopic methods. You will be
equired to consult other sources in addition to your laboratory text in
this endeavor.
In the synthesis experiments you may not be given the procedure in
complete detail. You will incorporate information from the recitation and
textbook to fill in the details and modify the procedure as needed before
you enter the laboratory.
REQUIRED TEXT: Pavia, Lampman, Kriz and Engel, A Small Scale Approach to
Organic Laboratory Techniques, Fourth Edition, Cengage Learning, 2015.
This Lab Manual will help you prepare for lab with additional reading from
the Pavia text and any Organic Chemistry textbook.
LABORATORY SAFETY: All students must acquaint themselves with the safety
features of the laboratory and the procedures to be followed in the case
of an emergency, and includes knowing the proper safety practices and
safety information on all chemicals and procedures used in every
experiment. This information can be obtained by reviewing the safety video
posted on BB, from the laboratory text (Pavia, technique 1, p XXXXXXXXXX),
and from the following handbooks available in the stockroom room 1414
north: Dangerous Properties of Industrials by Irving Sax; Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics; Merck Index and Aldrich Chemical Catalog; Webpage
www.sigmaaldrich.com. For the safety and convenience of students taking
Organic Chemistry I and II the chemicals in room 1404 north have been
organized according to the individual experiment. Please return chemicals
to their co
ect positions. Other safety regulations: Regulations include,
ut are not limited to:
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• SAFETY GOGGLES & FACE MAKS MUST BE WORN AT ALL TIMES IN THE
LABORATORY
• PHYSIAL DISTANCING GUIDELINES ARE TO BE FOLLOWED
• Remain outside the laboratory until your lab instructor has entered
the lab
• Provide your own safety glasses, disposable gloves & paper towels.
• No cell phone conversations, audio or text, inside the laboratory
• ALL pre- & co- requisite courses
Failure to comply with safety rules will result in deduction of points
and/or ejection from the laboratory.
WARNING: If you are pregnant or intend to become pregnant during the
semester, you are not allowed to work in the Organic Chemistry Lab
for reasons significant to the safety of the unborn child!
LAB CLEANLINESS:
• Make sure that the area around your workspace is clean while you’re
working on your experiment AND before you leave the laboratory. Your
instructor will not clean up after you!
• If you spill something or otherwise make a mess during a procedure,
you must clean it up.
• There are designated disposal containers for
oken glass, chemicals
(solid and liquid), gloves, etc. located throughout the room. If you
are not sure where to dispose something, ask your lab instructor.
• Return chemicals to their co
ect positions.
PLANNING: The key to success is planning your work carefully before you
enter the laboratory! Your online Pre-lab quiz should be submitted and
Pre-lab write up must be uploaded on BB via the link set up by your lab
instructor (check for instructions from your lab instructor).
Students who really understand what they are doing in lab will enjoy the
work and will look back on their organic chemistry laboratory as a really
pleasurable learning experience. Those who do not understand the
experiments they are doing will experience frustration and likely fail in
addition to exposing themselves and others to the risk of a serious
laboratory accident. We will do our best to help you enjoy the course and
achieve successful results, but if you don't do your homework and
planning, no one will be able to help you.
Pre-lab write up must be uploaded on BB from links set by your lab
instructor. Pre-lab should describe your plan and preparation for the
experiment. Points for pre-lab write-up will be awarded at the start of
each experiment. If a laboratory instructor determines that a student has
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not adequately prepared an experiment, the student will be sent away from
the laboratory and will not be allowed to make-up work in another section.
Review all the appropriate laboratory techniques (recrystallization,
distillation, filtration, extraction etc.) before you start.
The total number of hours allotted for the lab may not be exceeded (2
hours and 45 minutes). You must finish cleaning and leave the lab to allow
staff to prepare for the next lab. No work will be allowed out-side the
scheduled time period including washing glassware and taking melting
points.
MAKING UP A LAB: Due to the highly condensed nature of this hy
id
semester schedule, make-up lab sessions are NOT available. STUDENTS MAY
NOT ATTEND ANY SECTION FOR WHICH THEY ARE NOT REGISTERED.
RECITATION: Attendance at recitation is a most fundamental requirement. If
you should be forced to miss a recitation class you must obtain the class
notes from another student. Failure to attend recitation and understand
the material presented does more than subject your experiments to the risk
of failure. It is essential from a viewpoint of laboratory safety alone to
attend all the recitation classes. Attendance will be taken. The
importance of studying the recitation material and applying what you have
learned cannot be exaggerated. Exams from recitation count for
approximately 20% of the course grade. Don't let yourself become one of
the disappointed students who receive a low grade in the entire course due
to low scores on their recitation examinations.
LABORATORY NOTEBOOK
Your Notebook is the original record of all work relating to the
experiment. For both Online and In-Person labs, this includes, but not
limited to, pre-lab preparation and exercises and in-lab work.
Your notebook should be bound - not loose-leaf, and have numbered
duplicate (ca
on copy) pages, so that if needed, ca
on copies can be
turned in to your instructor for grading. Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Notebooks are sold at the Hunter College Bookstore. Examples of other
acceptable lab notebooks can be found at (https:
haydenmcneil.com/lab-
notebooks/products). The original notebook pages are to remain attached to
the notebook. Notebook information (e.g. data tables, observations), for
Pre-Lab and Final Lab Reports is to be included as image files of the
original notebook entries.
Other important Points on Laboratory Notebooks (Refer to the laboratory
text for details on Notebook keeping (Pavia, technique 2, p XXXXXXXXXXfor
details)
• The notebook is to be sufficiently complete and well organized so
that anyone who reads it can know what has been done in each
experiment and can repeat the procedures from what’s written in it.
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• You should have a Table of Contents on the first page of the notebook
and all of the pages should be numbered ad dated.
• Start every experiment on a new page.
• The record for each experiment starts with a preliminary write-up
(Pre-Lab), which must be in your notebook before you begin the
experiment. All preliminary write-ups must include a list of hazards
and toxicities of the compounds involved.
• All data are to be recorded at the time they are observed or
obtained. This includes weights, boiling and melting points,
observations of physical changes, results, and conclusions. Separate
pieces of copy/loose leaf paper are not to be used for recording data
to be transcribed later.
• Make all records in ink (do not write with a pencil!). Instead of
copying details of a procedure ve
atim, refer to the page in the lab
manual (or other sources) where the procedure is started. As you
conduct the experiment, you must write a short description of the
actual procedure that you followed including all observations. Your
laboratory instructor may check your notebooks at the end of each
laboratory session to ensure that your data was properly recorded at
the time when you conducted the experiment.
• The notebook should be neat but this is less important than having it
e a complete, original record. Copying data is a waste of time and
leads to copying e
ors. The record made at the time of the
observation is the important record. If changes or co
ections are
to be made, the material considered wrong is to be cancelled by
drawing a line through it, so that the original entry is still
legible. You are not permitted to use co
ective fluid (“white-out”)
or tape. The revised material is then to be added. It may be
necessary to refer to the record to determine how an experiment might
est be revised or interpreted.
• Experiments designed to develop familiarity of techniques can be
ecorded in terms of an introduction which states the objective; a
description of the procedure, which may be identified by a reference
to the manual; the observations; the conclusions (identify the
unknown and state the supporting data and reasoning); answers to the
question, and a discussion of the theory behind the experiment and
its relationship to the observed results. If your own procedure is at
all different from that in these notes (or manual), tell exactly how
it differs. Data tables will also be used for preparative experiments
and you will