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Insha answered on
May 27 2022
Running Head: Essay - Nature versus nurture 1
Essay - Nature versus nurture 6
Essay - Nature versus nurture
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Nature versus nurture 3
Gene and environment interaction 3
Contribution of hereditary and psychosocial risk factors to affective disorders 5
Depression 5
Twin Studies 6
Gender difference 7
Other factors 7
Conclusion 8
Slide 6: References 9
Introduction
This essay identifies the difference between nature and nurture in light of hereditary and psychosocial risk factors and its contribution to affective disorders. This essay will explain Nature versus nurture, its background and its relevance to cu
ent situations. Further it will be discussed about the Contribution of hereditary and psychosocial risk factors to affective disorders, through various studies that took place in researches till now, such as, twin study.
Nature versus nurture
The balance between two conflicting forces that affect fate: environment (nurture) and genetics (nature) has long been a source of controversy in biology. Nature is what we call pre-wiring, and it is impacted by many biological variables including genetics. Nurture is commonly defined as the impact of external variables on an individual after conception, such as learning, experience, and exposure (Wilson, Ro
, Gajwani, & Minnis, 2021).
During most of the twentieth century, a blank slate concept of human development (also known as blank-slatism) was commonly em
aced (Wilson et al. 2021). The dispute between "blank-slate" rejection of heritability's views and significance that acknowledge both heritable and environmental features has typically been framed as nurture vs. nature. By the twenty-first century, most experts of human development saw such beliefs as outmoded or naïve, since both "nurture" and "nature" influences were discovered to contribute significantly, often inextricably (Østergaard et al. 2020). As observed in self-domestication, close feedback loops have been discovered in which nurture and nature continually impact one another. Researchers in the fields of behavioural genetics and ecology believe that nurture has a significant impact on nature.
Gene and environment interaction
Gene and environment interactions, another aspect of the nature and nurture debate, are the interactions of genes with their su
oundings. For instance, Phenylketonuria is a hereditary illness that can be largely suppressed by a low-phenylalanine diet. The existence of gene and environment connections adds to the complexity of the nature and nurture argument (Sellers et al. 2021). Even with tests like the ones described above, determining the proportional contributions of environment and genes can be challenging.
Individual development, even of highly heritable features, is influenced by a variety of environmental factors throughout ontogenesis or development, ranging from other genes in an organism to physical variables such as oxygen levels, temperature, and so on. Almost all cases of highly penetrant Mendelian genetic illnesses, such as Huntington's disease, are caused by genetic variations. The variability of a characteristic can be properly attributed to environmental factors in specified proportions ("nurture") or genetic variations ("nature") (Daucourt, Haugh
ook, Van Bergen, & Hart, 2020).
Environmental and genetic factors work together to produce the person in almost every psychological and biological attribute. While there are thousands of single-gene-locus features, complex traits are the result of the combined actions of several genes (often hundreds of small gene effects) (Caplan et al. 2020). Height is an excellent illustration of this, where variation appears to be dispersed across hundreds of loci. In rare cases, extreme environmental or...