Page no University of South AustraliaSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyNURS 3044: Research...

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Page no        University of South AustraliaSchool of Nursing and MidwiferyNURS 3044: Research MethodologyAssignment 2: Part 1 and 2This assessment consists of Part 1 and Part 2.Part 1: Assessing the quality of quantitative or qualitative research     Part 2: Reflection Part 1: Assessing the quality of quantitative or qualitative research (2000 words)BackgroundGeneral Nursing students:  After reviewing the literature in Assessment 1, you have likely concluded that there appears to be strong evidence of the benefit of immunisation for children and for public health.  From your experience and from information on the internet it would appear that the uptake of immunisation in children is suboptimal. You are thinking that there may be an opportunity to do some research. Two topics that come to mind are (1) the reasons why uptake of immunisation in children is suboptimal; and (2) strategies that have been shown to improve uptake of immunisation in children.  Before going any further, you decide to obtain some background information. You now need to consider whether a qualitative or quantitative approach is best suited to provide background information for the topic that you have chosen:(1) the reasons why uptake of immunisation in children is suboptimal; or (2) strategies that have been shown to improve uptake of immunisation in children.  To assist you, we have provided a qualitative and a quantitative research paper that you will now need to critique. You need to choose the one article that best suits the topic that you have chosen to research further.    Article 1: Ahlers-Schmidt, C.R., Chesser, A.K., Nguyen, T., Brannon, J., Hart, T.A., Williams, K.S. and Wittler, R.R., 2012. Feasibility of a randomized controlled trial to evaluate Text Reminders for Immunization Compliance in Kids (TRICKs). Vaccine, 30(36), pp XXXXXXXXXXFull text available via Elsevier ScienceDirect (Available from 1995 volume: 13)     Article 2: Kurup, L., He, H.G., Wang, X., Wang, W. and Shorey, S., 2017. A descriptive qualitative study of perceptions of parents on their child's vaccination. Journal of clinical nursing. Full text available via Wiley Online Liary (Available from 1997 volume: 6 issue: 1) To complete part one of the assessment, you will now need to select the research method template that coesponds with the paper that you have chosen to critique:(A) If you have selected that article using a quantitative research method, you will need to complete the tool for critiquing quantitative research.(B) If you have selected that article using a qualitative research method, you will need to complete the tool for critiquing qualitative research.    Template for QUANTITATIVE research + Part B Reflection here    Template for QUALITATIVE research + Part B Reflection hereAssessment template: Tool for critiquing QUANTITATIVE researchTool for critiquing qualitative research is modified based on the Critical Review Form-Qualitative Studies ©Law, M., Stewart, D., Pollock, N., Letts, L. Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. Instructions:· Complete all of the questions in the template below in reference to the article that you have selected. Ensure that you have selected the coect template (quantitative or qualitative) to match the research method in the article that you have selected.· Where there is a Yes/No option in the question, delete the option that does not apply.· Word count of the template = 500Question 1: Study purpose/question(a) Did the study have a clearly stated purposeesearch question?                                 XXXXXXXXXXYes / No(b) Explain your response below: Question 2: Relevance to nursing/midwifery practice(a) Explain how this question was relevant to nursing/midwifery practice.Question 3: Ethics(a) What were the possible risks of participating in the study?(b) Were these risks clearly identified by the authors?                                                        XXXXXXXXXXYes / No(c) If risks were identified by the authors, how did they propose to minimise risk?(d) Did the authors state that they had approval from an ethics committee to undertake the study?                                                                                                                                                  XXXXXXXXXXYes / No(e) How did the authors obtain informed consent from participants?(f) Did you identify and potential risks associated with the study that were not identified by the authors and if so, what were they? Question 4: Study design(a) Describe the chosen study design for this study.(b) Was this a suitable study design for the given research question?                            XXXXXXXXXXYes / No(c) Explain why the chosen study design was or wasn’t suitable.Question 5: Sample (Participants)(a) How many participants were included in the study?(b) What were the inclusion and exclusion criteria?(c) Explain how the participants were recruited.(d) Describe the setting in which the study took place (hospital, community, etc). Question 6: Methods/Intervention/Data collection (a) Describe the intervention (eg. treatment, therapy etc)(b) What was the comparator (eg. alternative treatment or therapy; placebo etc)(c) Was this intervention adequately described so that it could be replicated in practice? XXXXXXXXXXYes / No(d) Explain your response to (c)(e) Describe the method/s used to collect data (you do not need to include basic demographic/sociographic data)                                                                                                                                   Question 7: Research findings (outcomes)(a) What were the main findings of this study? (provide a dot point summary)Question 8: Study limitations(a) What were the limitations of this study stated by the authos? (b) Explain why these are study limitations.(c) Explain why bias may reduce the validity of the study.Question 9: Applicability to clinical practice (a) According to the Levels of Evidence pyramid, what level of evidence are the reported results from this paper?(b) Overall, should the outcomes of this study be used to inform evidence-based practice?                                                                                                                                                                    XXXXXXXXXXYes / No(c) Explain your rationale for your responses to questions (a) and (b).Part 2 Reflection (approx. 500 words)Write a reflection on the learning that you have undertaken in Research Methodology relating to the questions below. If you use supporting references you should reference as per the UniSA Harvard referencing system. This should include:· Did you have prior ‘knowledge’ about immunisation safety for children/pregnant women prior to undertaking this assessment? Describe your understanding of this.· How did you acquire this knowledge (what way/s of knowing/where did the information come from)?· Did you have a personal opinion (bias) or concerns about the safety of immunisation for children/pregnant women prior to undertaking this assessment?· Has anything that you have learnt in the course changed your opinion (bias)/allayed you concerns/increased you concerns about the safety of immunisation for children/pregnant women? If so, why?Assessment template: Tool for critiquing QUALITATIVE research *Please do not upload the Background section above to learnonline with this templateTool for critiquing qualitative research is modified based on the Critical Review Form-Qualitative Studies ©Law, M., Stewart, D., Pollock, N., Letts, L. Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. Instructions:· Complete all of the questions in the template below in reference to the article that you have selected. Ensure that you have selected the coect template (quantitative or qualitative) to match the research method in the article that you have selected.· Where there is a Yes/No option in the question, delete the option that does not apply.· Word count of the template = 550Question 1: Study Purpose/Question(a) Did the study have a clearly stated purposeesearch question?

Soumi · Accepted Answer

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(ASSIGNMENT 2: PART 1 AND 2)
Table of Contents
Part 1: Assessing the quality of quantitative or qualitative research	3
Chosen Research Article:	3
Selected Critiquing Tool:	3
Question 1: Study Purpose/Question	3
Question 2: Relevance to nursing/midwifery practice	4
Question 3: Ethics	4
Question 4: Study Methodology	5
Question 5: Data Collection/Rigour	6
Question 6: Participants	7
Question 7: Research Findings (outcomes)	8
Question 8: Study Limitations	8
Question 9: Applicability to clinical practice	9
Part 2: Reflection	10
References	12
Part 1: Assessing the quality of quantitative or qualitative research
Chosen Research Article: 
Kurup, L., He, H.G., Wang, X., Wang, W. and Shorey, S., 2017, ‘A descriptive qualitative study of perceptions of parents on their child's vaccination’ Journal of clinical nursing, vol. 6, no. 1
Selected Critiquing Tool:
Law, M., Stewart, D., Letts, L., Pollock, N., Bosch, J. and Westmorland, M., 1998, ‘Guidelines for critical review of qualitative studies’ McMaster University Occupational Therapy Evidence-Based Practice Research Group
	Assessment template: Tool for critiquing QUALITATIVE research
*Please do not upload the Background section above to learn online with this template
Tool for critiquing qualitative research is modified based on the Critical Review Form-Qualitative Studies ©Law, M., Stewart, D., Pollock, N., Letts, L. Bosch, J., & Westmorland, M. 
Instructions:
· Complete all of the questions in the template below in reference to the article that you have selected. Ensure that you have selected the correct template (quantitative or qualitative) to match the research method in the article that you have selected.
· Where there is a Yes/No option in the question, delete the option that does not apply.
· Word count of the template = 550
Question 1: Study Purpose/Question
(a) Did the study have a clearly stated purpose/research question? Yes / No
Yes.
(b) Explain your response below: 
The study by Kurup et al. (2017) has presented the aim of the research quite clearly. The authors have mentioned that they wanted to conduct a research on analysing the perspectives of the parents in terms of vaccinating their children. The study has been conducted in the specific context of the population of Singapore, which has also been mentioned in the purpose of the paper. As supported by O’Brien et al. (2014), a paper with a clear aim provides the reader a scope to understand the direction, in which the research is proceeding. Hence, the perspective of researchers becomes clearer.
Question 2: Relevance to nursing/midwifery practice
(a) Explain how this question was relevant to nursing/midwifery practice.
According to Bodeker, Betsch and Wichmann (2015), vaccination is an integral part of nursing/midwifery practices. A registered nurse/midwife at the clinical setting must know the concept, procedure and significance of vaccination to impart safety to the lives of the visiting patients/service users. Hence, understanding the parents’ perspectives in terms of getting their children vaccinated would be an important area to be explored for the nurses/midwives in order to provide a complete and safe care regime to them. Hence, if the parents are against vaccination, the nurses/midwives could convince them in favour of vaccination, supporting their argument with the knowledge gained from this paper.
Question 3: Ethics
(a) What were the possible risks of participating in the study?
Although the study has been a beneficial discovery for the enhancement of the knowledge regarding vaccination for the nurses/midwives; however, it did have certain risks to the participants. Firstly, the key risk was that the perspectives of the parents would come across to the researchers in terms of what they believed regarding vaccination. Hence, as viewed by Madhi et al. (2014), health beliefs could create biases in the community. Secondly, it might notify the parents as being responsible for the ill health of their children and judge them as negligent. 
(b) Were these risks clearly identified by the authors? Yes / No
Yes
(c) If risks were identified by the authors, how did they propose to minimise risk?
The authors, Kurup et al. (2017), have clearly identified the risks that could have probably been caused to the participants in the qualitative research. Hence, they have very precisely identified the ways to address the same through their research. Firstly, they researchers have considered all the relevant ethical considerations that are applicable for a qualitative research. Besides, they have also informed the participants for their consent, after receiving which only, the interview process started. Lastly, the participants were ensured of their confidentiality and anonymity so that their names or any personal details are not involved to the receiving individuals of the research outcomes.
(d) Did the authors state that they had approval from an ethics committee to undertake the study? Yes / No
Yes
(e) How did the authors obtain informed consent from participants?
According to Brinkmann (2014), the significance of an informed consent in an investigation lies in informing the participants about their voluntary involvement in the research and seeking their permission to gather data about them. Hence, when a researcher seeks the consent, the participants must be informed thoroughly and transparently about the aim, objectives, methods and purpose of the research. They should also be informed about the benefits that they would receive from participating in it. Thus, Kurup et al. (2017) have also sought consents in the similar way, giving time to the participants to go through the ethics forms clearly and understanding every clause. 
(f) Did you identify and potential risks associated with the study that were not identified by the authors and if so, what were they? 
Although Kurup et al. (2017) have identified all the superficial risks to the study and have addressed them to a standard extent; however, they did fail to identify the potential risks to the research participants in terms of conducting the research in a clinical set-up. As argued by Green and Thorogood (2018), if a researcher chooses to conduct a research within a clinical set-up, they are expected to ensure that the patients are at no risk of being infected to pathogens in the clinic due to the other visiting patients. Besides, the participants can also be at a high risk of being exposed to contagious conditions such as sputum or aerosols, which can cause the increment of the infection to a greater extent, especially the ones, not abiding by the vaccination routine.
Question 4: Study Methodology 
(a) What was the chosen methodology for this study?
The selected research methodology for this research was the descriptive qualitative study. As informed by Lewis (2015), a research methodology can follow any of the suitable research design out of the common ones that are descriptive, explanatory or exploratory research designs. As defined by Noble and Smith (2015), an exploratory research design is the one, in which the key research issue has not been identified clearly, while an explanatory research design only explains the prevailing concepts. However,

Page no University of South Australia School of Nursing and Midwifery NURS 3044: Research Methodology Assignment 2: Part 1 and 2 This assessment consists of Part 1 and Part 2. Part 1: Assessing the...

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