Answer the following questions in 300 words or more. Must use atleast 2 references for each...

Question

Answer the following questions in 300 words or more. Must use atleast 2 references for each question.

1)

An important buffer system in the human body involves carbonic acid, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate ions.

If a person became excited and exhaled large amounts of carbon dioxide while hyperventilating, how

will the pH of their blood be affected and why?

2)

Which setup would exhibit the greater osmotic pressure: a cell with a cytosol concentration of 0.9% immersed in a) pure water or b) a 0.2% NaCl solution? Explain.

3)

Why are stem cells so valuable? What role do stem cells play in the body? Describe one avenue of research in which stem cells are currently being used. Do not forget to provide a proper citation as well.

Dilpreet · Accepted Answer

Response to Questions 		2
RESPONSE TO QUESTIONS
Table of Contents 
Response 1	3
Response 2	3
Response 3	5
References	6
Response 1
	During hyperventilation, individuals exhale huge amount of carbon dioxide. Since, carbon dioxide is exhaled in huge quantity, the pressure of carbon dioxide in blood is reduced significantly (Tavel, 2021). Considering the blood in human body, carbonic acid is in equilibrium with carbon dioxide and water. The chemical reaction for the same is:
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3 –
	When the levels of carbon dioxide in the body drop due to hyperventilation, there is a decrease in the concentration of carbonic acid as there is a shift in the equilibrium towards the left. This further leads to a significant decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions, leading to increase of the blood pH. This condition is typically known as respiratory alkalosis. The normal body pH is determined to be lying in the range of 7.35 to 7.45. Within this range the human body is considered to be with normal pH. Even a slight shift in the pH of human blood can have serious health issues physiological impacts. To put it simply, respiratory alkalosis can be described as a state of disease, where the pH level of human body is more than 7.45, secondary to some of the respiratory and pulmonary processes (Tinawi, 2021). Symptoms of the disease have been identified as breathlessness, nausea, fatigue, and irritability.  
	To summarize, during hyperventilation there is a significant decrease in the levels of carbon dioxide, which further disturbs the equilibrium of carbonic acid and hydrogen ions. This leads to an increase in the pH levels of human blood causing respiratory alkalosis.

Answer the following questions in 300 words or more. Must use atleast 2 references for each question.1) An important buffer system in the human body involves carbonic acid, carbon dioxide and...

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