Answer each of the following questions on a separate page. Remember to put your name on each page.Do...

Question

Answer each of the following questions on a separate page. Remember to put your name on each page.

Do not write in bullet points or lists. The answers to these questions should be presented as full paragraph narratives in grammatically correct English.

Remarkably, 80% of colon tumors show a loss of APC function and this is one of the earliest events during colon cancer progression. Provide a comprehensive discussion on the reason this is so.Base your answer on the mechanistic role of APC and also include an overview of the additional genetic mutations that appear to be required to achieve a colon tumor.

P53 has been called the master guardian and executioner of cells. Discuss the regulation of p53 in normal cells and provide information about why mutations in p53 are advantageous to cells that are undergoing tumor progression.

Heterotypic interactions among cells appear to be key features of tumor metastasis.Discuss the importance of these interactions with emphasis on the relevant stages through which a tumor cell must proceed to attain the malignant phenotype.

Discuss EMT as a feature of the progression of metastatic cancer. EMT appears to be orchestrated by specialized transcription factors. One of the factors involved in normal EMT during development is called Twist. Describe an experiment that would provide evidence that the Twist protein is also involved in tumor metastasis.

Soumi · Accepted Answer

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BIOLOGY QUESTION ANSWERS
Table of Contents
1. Reason behind Loss of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Function due to Colon Tumor, causing Colon Cancer and Describing the Genetic Mutation causing Colon Tumor	3
2. Regulation of p53 in Normal Cells and Reason for Advantages from Mutated p53 to Tumor-Progressed Cells	3
3. Significance of Heterotypic Interactions in making Tumor Cell to Malignant Phenotype	4
4. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) as a Feature of Metastatic Cancer Progression and an Evidence to Twist Protein being involved in Tumor Metastasis	5
References	6
1. Reason behind Loss of Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) Function due to Colon Tumor, causing Colon Cancer and Describing the Genetic Mutation causing Colon Tumor
APC is a gene that is mainly responsible for the transcription and translation of the APC protein. This protein is very important to the body due to its significant role in suppressing the formation of tumors in the body. As stated by Dow et al. (2015), it can be in any body part that the APC protein can control the formation of tumor progression, which is its key function and then subsequently, preventing the progression of cancer in that part. 
However, when an individual develops colon tumor, APC function decreases because in 80% of individuals having colonic tumor, it has been found out that due to a mutation, the tumors produce an autosomal dominant colon cancer predisposition. As supported by Mathur et al. (2017), it does not allow for controlling cell division speed; thus, progressing towards acquiring colon cancer. The mechanistic role of APC is responsible for suppressing this tumor formation, which is why when it reduces, cancer can be acquired. 
Apart from these, as mentioned by Borowsky et al. (2018), additional genetic mutations such as Gardner syndrome, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and Attenuated FAP are some of the gene mutations, which also affect the colon by forming a tumor in it, which also is the root cause to colonic cancer. These do not let APC regulate cell growth or division under control, thus, causing the formation of colonic tumor.
2. Regulation of p53 in Normal Cells and Reason for Advantages from Mutated p53 to Tumor-Progressed Cells
P53 is referred to as the master guardian and executioner of cells rightly,

Answer each of the following questions on a separate page. Remember to put your name on each page. Do not write in bullet points or lists. The answers to these questions should be presented as full...

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