Agriculture of Sparus aurata

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Answered Same Day Dec 26, 2021

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David answered on Dec 26 2021

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Sparus aurata

The gilthead sea
eam, Sparus aurata, naturally occurs in the Eastern Atlantic, Black sea
(regions of North Atlantic Ocean) and Medite
anean Sea. It is a Medite
anean fish reaching
a maximum of 70 cm length and 6 kg in weight (Balart et al., 2009). It has an oval-shaped
ody with 3 anal spines, 13-14 dorsal soft rays, 11-12 anal soft rays and 11 dorsal rays. There
are large black-coloured spots on the cover of its gills. It prefers to stay in warm-temperate
zones found in the surf zones, sandy bottoms and seagrass beds. It stays in warmer
temperatures and
ackish waters during early life stages. It either occurs in small
aggregations or isolated. It is a protandrous (male reproductive organs mature before female
eproductive organs) hermaphrodite, i.e. it becomes female when reaches 30 cm in length (in
about 2 years) before which it lives as a functional male. The social and hormonal factors
condition the reversal of sex in the species.
History of Gilthead Sea
eam
The sea
eam is
oadly consumed fresh and cooked and is one of the most commercially
important species which is cultures in the Medite
anean Sea. The two fish rearing systems
that are used for rearing sea
eam include the Egyptian ‘hosha’ and Italian ‘vallicoltura’. The
intensive rearing systems for gilthead sea
eam developed during 1980s before which the
species were cultured in the saltwater ponds and coastal lagoons. Artificial
eeding was
successfully achieved in Italy in 1981-82 and large-scale production of gilthead sea
eam
juveniles was definitively achieved in 1988-1989 in Spain, Italy and Greece (FAO, 2016).
The low feeding habits, higher rate of survival and good market price makes the gilthead
sea
eam a suitable species for extensive aquaculture.
Natural Life Cycle

Figure 1: Natural Life Cycle of Gilthead sea
eam, Sparus aurata, n.d.
Being a protandric hermaphrodite, the gilthead sea
eam matures as a male first (during one or
two years of age) and then as a female (during the second or third year of age). This speacie is a
daily spawner, i.e. a female spawns (lays egg) around 20,000 to 80,000 eggs in a day. There are
two-three months during which the gilthead sea
eam spawns, i.e. usually from October to
Fe
uary. There are multiple...

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Agriculture of Sparus aurata

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