BIOCHEMISTRY THIRD EXAM SPRING 2020
1. Isomerism in monosaccharides. Draw the chemical structures of molecules which fit each of these descriptions:
A. Two aldopentoses which are enantiomers
B. Two tetroses which are constitutional isomers
C. Two hexoses which are diastereomers but not epimers
D. Two ketoses which are epimers
E. Two pyranoses which are anomers
2. Explain why maltose is a reducing disaccharide while sucrose is not.
3. Describe the properties of each of these molecules.
A. Glycosaminoglycans
B. Proteoglycans
C. Mucins
Chapter 11 Lipids
1. Draw the structure of oleic acid. Is it saturated or unsaturated? Name it by both the delta and omega systems of nomenclature
2. Draw the structure of a molecule which fits each of these descriptions:
1. A triacylglycerol
2. A phosphatidate
3. A phosphoacylglecerol
4. A phosphosphingolipid
5. A sphingolipid which does not contain phosphate
6. A steroid
Chapter 12 Mem
ane Structure
1. Discuss lateral and transverse diffusion of mem
ane lipids and proteins. Describe what these processes are and which processes are most likely to occur.
2. Describe the differences between active transport, secondary transport and passive transport
3. Describe the difference between a ligand gated channel and a voltage gated channel.
Chapter 13 Signal Transduction
1. Define each of these terms:
A. 7-TM recepto
B. Heterotrimeric G-protein
C. Second messenge
D. Protein kinase
E. Transcription facto
2. Matching. Match the answers in Column A with the best match in Column B
Column A XXXXXXXXXXColumn B
1. Ras XXXXXXXXXXA transcription factor _______
2. Cyclic AMP XXXXXXXXXXA glucose transporter _____
3. Protein kinase a XXXXXXXXXXReceptor which activates tyrosine kinase _____
4. Phospholipase C XXXXXXXXXXReceptor which has tyrosine kinase activity _____
5. IP3 receptor XXXXXXXXXXAlso called protein kinase b ______
6. Growth hormone receptor XXXXXXXXXX7-TM type receptor _____
7. Insulin receptor XXXXXXXXXXA small, monomeric G-protein _____
8. Akt XXXXXXXXXXActivates protein kinase a ______
9. STAT-5 XXXXXXXXXXProduces DAG and IP3 ______
10 GLUT-4 XXXXXXXXXXProtein kinase associated with epinephrine receptor ____
Chapter 14 Digestion
A. Describe all of the steps associated with protein digestion
B. Describe all of the steps associated with lipuid digestion
Chapter 15 Metabolism
A. Rank order each of these molecules in terms of how much energy would be released upon oxidation, with the molecule yielding the most energy being #1. Describe why you made your choices.
1. CH3CO2H XXXXXXXXXXCH3CH2OH XXXXXXXXXX. CH3CH3 XXXXXXXXXX4. CH3CHO
B. Describe the most common activated ca
iers (coenzymes) used in biochemical oxidations and reductions. Describe which ones are used most commonly and the types of biochemical reactions they are usually involved with.
Chapter 16 Glycolysis
Describe the steps in glycolysis which use ATP and those which produce ATP. Describe the total yield of ATP both substrate level and from oxidative phosphorylation.
Describe the most common fermentation reactions. Describe the processes involved, the organisms in which they occur and the benefits of fermentation processes.