Solution
Robert answered on
Dec 29 2021
Abstract
Solubility tests for organic compounds
Abstract
Various organic compounds can be distinguished by testing their solubility and acid-base properties. Some organic compounds are soluble in water and those which are insoluble can be acidic, basic or neutral compounds. The compounds which were insoluble in water, were tested for their solubility in 10% NaOH. The soluble compounds are tested for their solubility in 10%HCl and then these insoluble compounds were tested for their solubility in conc. H2SO4.
Introduction
The main objective of this experiment is to investigate solubility and acid-base properties of some simple organic compounds and to identify the unknown organic compound. Solubility of substances is due to intermolecular forces. The general rule of solubility is that “like dissolves like” which means that polar solutes can be dissolved in polar solvents and non-polar solutes can be dissolved in non-polar solvents. Polarity organic substances are determined by the presence of polar bonds (Jones, Gingrich, Fleming, & Jones, 2010). In this experiment, water is used as a polar solvent and solubility of 10 different organic substances in water is tested. The solubility properties of organic compounds can help to determine the presence or absence of important functional groups in the compound. Almost all the organic compounds are non-polar and thus they are usually soluble in non-polar solvents like diethyl ether, chloroform, Benzene, Toluene, Pentane. However, some organic compounds containing –OH, -COOH, -CHO or –NH2 functional groups can be soluble in water due to the presence of these polar groups. Compounds that are insoluble in water can become soluble in an aqueous environment if they form an ionic species when treated with an acid or a base. This is because the ionic form is more polar (Separation of an Unknown Mixture, 2009).
Materials and Method
To ca
y out this experiment 9 simple organic compounds (propanol, benzyl alcohol, 2-methyl phenol, di-n-butyl ether, propanoic acid, ethyl benzoate, n-propylamine, aniline and benzamide) were taken and made to test for the solubility in water by adding four drops of these organic compounds in 3 mL water at room temperature. Then, benzyl alcohol and 2-methyl phenol were tested for there solubility in basic solution (10% NaOH) whereas aniline and benzamide were tested for their solubility in acidic solution (10% HCl).
In the second part of the experiment, 5 known organic compounds and 1 unknown organic compound was taken and tested for their solubility in water. Then, the fresh samples of insoluble compounds are made to test for their solubility in 10% NaOH solution. Compounds which are soluble in this 10% NaOH solution are then tested for the strength of acidity using NaHCO3 solution. The fresh sample of the compound which was insoluble in...