Business Ethics in the Global Environment
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Relationship with
nature/environment
To what extent do we control
our environment, or does our
environment control us?
Source of power & status
(achievement Vs
aspiration)
Do I gain success from what I do
(achieve) or from who I am
(ascribed)?
Individualism Vs
Collectivism
Is it more important to be able to
act as an individual or to be able to
contribute to and stay loyal to
group goals?
Relationship with
time (sequential vs
synchronic)
Is time a finite resource to be
closely managed, or can we use
it flexibly to juggle lots of
different events?
Obligation (universalism
Vs particularism)
To what extent do the same rules
apply in all situations, or are they
different according to
circumstances?
Emotional orientation
(neutral Vs affective)
Is it better to show emotion or
keep them hidden
Privacy in relationship
(Specific Vs Diffuse)
Is it important to
compartmentalize or to
generalise: Is everything linked
or nothing linked?
Power Distance
The level of acceptance by
a society of the unequal
distribution of power in
institutions
Uncertainty Avoidance
The extent to which people
in a society feel threatened
y ambiguous situations
Individualism Vs
Collectivism
The tendency of people to
look after themselves and
their immediate families
only and to neglect the
needs of society
Masculinity Vs Femininity
Masculine societies are guided
y symbols of achievement,
competition and status.
Feminine societies value caring
for the weak, cooperation and
quality of life.
Short term Vs long
term orientation
Emphasis on time horizons
for business planning and
performance
Indulgence Vs
estraint
The degree to which a
population enjoys leisure
and the importance placed
in freedom of expression
Power Distance
Degree to which members of
a collective expect power to
e distributed equally
Uncertainty Avoidance
Extent to which a society,
organization, group relies on
social norms, rules and
procedures to alleviate
unpredictability of future
events
Collectivism II (In Group)
Degree to which individuals
express pride, loyalty and
cohesiveness in their
organisations or families
Gender Egalitarianism
Degree to which gender
differences and inequity are
minimised
Assertiveness
Degree to which individuals
are assertive,
confrontational and
aggressive in their
elationships with others
Humane Orientation
Degree to which the ideals
of fairness, generosity,
altruism and care
encouraged and rewarded
Collectivism I
(Individual)
Degree to which orgnisational
and social institutional
practices encourage and
eward collective distribution
of resources and collective
actions Future Orientation
Extent to which individuals
engage in future-oriented
ehaviours such as delaying
gratification, planning and
investing in the future
Performance
Orientation
Degree to which a
collective encourages and
ewards group members
for performance
improvement and
excellence
Source: GLOBE Project (House et al. 2004)
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