Introduction: One of the most important concepts in organic chemistry is the solubility property of an organic compound. This assists in the prediction of unknown organic compounds in chemistry...

Introduction:
One of the most important concepts in organic chemistry is the solubility property of an organic compound. This assists in the prediction of unknown organic compounds in chemistry laboratories. Moreover, solubility of organic compounds is very important in medical field since most medicines are organic compounds and there is a strong relationship between the solubility of these medicines and various body tissues. As a result of this, scientists of chemistry have extensively investigated this concept. In this experiment, there were three parts to investigate the solubility and they were water solubility, acid- base solubility and solubility and acid- base properties. The main purpose of this experiment is to find out the solubility properties of some organic compounds.
Methodology and materials:
Part 1 (water solubility):
150 mg (or 4 drops) are taken from each of following organic compounds: Propanol, Benzyl alcohol, 2- methylphenol, Di- n- butyl ether, Propanoic acid, Ethyl benzoate, n- propylamine, Analine and Benzamide. Each 150mg (or 4 Drops) of these compounds are added to separate test tubes, which contain 3 ml of water at room temperature.
Part 2 (acid- base solubility):
Four 4 drops of Benzyl alcohol and four drops of 2- methylphenol were added to separate test tubes contain 3 ml of 10% of NaOH solution. Then, 3 ml of 10% HCl solution are placed in two-separated test tubes and then four drops of analine and benzamide are added to these two test tubes.
Part 3 (solubility and acid- base properties):
Five known samples are provided and they are M- cresol, Bromobenzen, Analine, Propanoic acid and Acetophenone.
Four drops from each sample are placed in a separate test tube filled with 3 ml of water. If the sample is soluble in water, litmus paper test is the second step. Turning the red litmus to blue means the sample is base (amines), turning the blue to red color means acid (carboxylic acids) and if there is no change, this intends to be neutral.
If the sample is insoluble in water, a fresh sample of the required known sample (four drops) is placed in a test tube filled with 3 ml of 10% NaOH solution. If the result is soluble in NaOH solution, a fresh sample (four drops) is added to a test tube contains 3 ml of NaHCO₃ solution. A strong acid is the result if the sample is soluble in NaHCO₃ solution and weak acid if it is not.
When the sample is insoluble in NaOH solution, three ml of 10% HCl solution is placed in a test tube and then four drops from the sample. Soluble of the sample in HCl solution means that the sample is base (amine). If it is not soluble in HCl solution, four drops of the sample is added to three ml of H₂SO₄ in a test tube. The sample is soluble in H₂SO₄, when it is neutral compound, inert compound if it is not.
The same previous solubility test is applied on unknown sample of organic compound.