Solution
Sunabh answered on
May 16 2021
PERSUASIVE ESSAY
[CHOSEN TOPIC: 4. HOW IS TERRORISM DEFINED AND GOVERNED IN AUSTRALIA? IS THIS A FAIR APPROACH?]
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Te
orism and Different Perceptions 3
Australia’s Approach towards Te
orism 4
Australian Approach towards Te
orism Is Fair or Not 5
Conclusion 6
References 7
Introduction
Te
orism is a global issue, its containment is not restricted to specific geographical location and Australia is no exception. Australian history reflects that, the te
itory has faced numerous te
orist attacks varying from a small to large scale. Te
orism can be defined as an act or threat of action, where the actions have the potential to cause certain degrees of harm or negative interference and the threat or action is being performed intentionally under political, religious and ideological influence. This paper will focus upon the extent of te
orism in Australia and efforts will be made to present the efforts and approaches implied by Australian government to counter it. Further, a reflection upon the fairness of approaches used by Australian government will be provided and the paper will end with a comprehensive summary.
Te
orism and Different Perceptions
It would be difficult to present the rationales behind what might drive people towards te
orism; however, every te
orist group in the world share one similar aspect, which is to cause harm. Likewise, it would be essential to understand that, the psychology of te
orism has been marked more by opinion and theory instead of good science. However, as supported by Loader and Sparks (2016), te
orism is now being viewed in terms of group dynamics and political processes, which is distinct from the previous assumptions where te
orism was understood in terms of individualism. Further, O’Malley (2008) suggested viewing te
orism through a political lens, which leads to the understanding that, te
orism is adopted as a means to fight by groups, which lack political power and it is considered as oppressive forces. With the global problem related with te
orism, the International Criminal Court has an interest in the prosecution of the serious international te
orist crimes. However, the only international tribunal with the express jurisdiction over the te
orism related offences is with the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (created by Chapter VII Security Council Resolution, UNSC Resolution 1757 (2007)), which was mainly created for the investigation and the prosecution of the te
orist which was not determined by Lebanese criminal law (UNODC, 2021). Therefore, it can be observed that in certain emergency situation, The Internal Criminal Court come forward to deal with te
orist activities. Similarly, United Nations had come forward in the pursuit of combating te
orist related activities. The U.N. states that as a member states take measure for combating the te
orist related activities and also counter the violent extremist, the program developed by U.N. will provide a targeted support and also assistance in order to ensure that all kind of efforts does comply with the international refugee laws, human rights law and the international humanitarian law (UN Chronicle, 2021).
The ‘bombing of the Sydney Hilton Hotel’ in March 1978 was the first te
orist exposure, that Australia faced and Australian government confessed that, this attack reflected upon their unpreparedness for te
orist events. According to the report presented by Parliament of Australia, (2002), Australia experienced very few incidents, which can be categorised or accepted as ‘te
orism’. However, Australia did experience issues related to politically motivated violence, national security
each and organised crime. This perception from Australian parliament could be majorly because; they consider ‘te
orism’ as a foreign phenomenon, which has rarely been practised in Australia. In order to counter te
orist activities, there are various advantages of the U.N. approach towards the te
orist activities. Since the position of United Nation is in such a unique manner that it easily assists the Member States regarding effectively counter the te
orist acts along their borders and also across the regions. Since, 2001 the Council’s dedicated approach towards the Counter Te
orism Committee have overseen the implementation of the resolutions, which hold relevancy towards the prevention and addressing the te
orism activities by their Member States (U.N. Chronicle, 2021). Similarly, ICC has also various advantages as the core mandate of ICC is to act as a court, which will be the last option with the capacity to prosecute the individual for genocide, crime against humanity and war crimes, when the national jurisdiction are unable or unwilling to prosecute those crimes, because of certain reason (UN Chronicle, 2021).
Considering the role...