'2.-\
What causes variations in altimeter settings between
weather reporting points?
A- Unequal heating of the Earth's surface.
B - Variation of te
ain elevation.
C - Coriolis force.
The wind at 5,000 feet AGL is southweste~ly :Vhil~ the
surface wind is southerly. This difference m d1rect1on
The most frequent type of ground or surface-based
temperature inversion is that which is produced by
A - te
estrial radiation on a clear, relatively still
night.
B - warm air being lifted rapidly aloft in the vicinity
of mountainous te
ain.
C - the movement of colder air under warm air, or the
movement of warm air over cold air.
Which weather conditions should be expected beneath
a low-level temperature inversion layer when the rela-
tive humidity is high?
is primarily due to
2--L
A- stronger pressure gradient at higher altitudes.
l.- r A - Smooth air, poor visibility, fog, haze, or low
clouds.
B - friction between the wind and the surface.
C - stronger Coriolis force at the surface.
How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect take-
off perfonnance?
A- Frost will disrupt the smooth flow of air over the
2.- 3 wing, adversely affecting its lifting ca?ability.
B - Frost will change the camber of the wmg,
increasing its lifting capability.
2-- i
C - Frost will cause the airplane to become ai
orne
with a higher angle of attack, decreasing the stall
speed.
Every physical process of weather is accompanied by,
or is the result of, a
A - movement of air.
B - pressure differential.
C - heat exchange.
For aviation purposes, ceiling is defined as the height
above the Earth's surface of the
A - lowest reported obscuration and the highest layer
of clouds reported as overcast.
B - lowest
oken or overcast layer or vertical visibil-
ity into an obscuration.
C - lowest layer of clouds reported as scattered,
o-
ken, or thin.
B - Light wind shear, poor visibility, haze, and light
ain.
C - Tu
ulent air, poor visibility, fog, low stratus type
clouds, and shower precipitation.
What is meant by the term "dewpoint"?
A- The temperature at which condensation and evap-
7..- 8 oration are equal.
B - The temperature at which dew will always form.
C - The temperature to which air must be cooled to
ecome saturated.
The amount of water vapor which air can hold depends
on the
2.-C:,
A - dewpoint.
B - air temperature.
C - stability of the air.
Clouds, fog, or dew will always form when
2.- 10
A _ water vapor condenses.
B _ water vapor is present.
C - relative humidity reaches 100 percent.
[TI
What are the processes by which moisture is added to
unsaturated air?
2- \ \ . .
A- Evaporation and subltri:rnt1on.
B _ Heating and condensat10n. .
C _ Supersaturation and evaporatJOn.
Which conditions result in the formation of frost?
A- The temperature of the collecting surface is at or
elow freezing when small droplets of moisture
fall on the surface. 2-,2..
B - The temperature of the collecting surface is at or
elow the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the
dewpoint is below freezing.
C - The temperature of the su
ounding air is at or
elow freezing when small drops of moisture fall
on the collecting surface.
The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence
that there
'Z.- ,, .
A - are thunderstorms in the area.
B - has been cold frontal passage.
C - is a temperature inversion with freezing rain at a
higher altitude.
What measurement can be used to determine the stabil-
ity of the atmosphere?
Z.-1'-f
A - Atmospheric pressure.
B - Actual lapse rate.
C - Surface temperature.
What would decrease the stability of an air mass?
2-\S .
A - Warming from below.
B - Cooling from below.
C - Decrease in water vapor.
What is a characteristic of stable air?
l.- \Co .
A - Stratiform clouds.
B - Unlimited visibility.
C- Cumulus clouds.
Moist, stable air flowing upslope can be expected to
2-\l-
A - produce stratus type clouds.
B - cause showers and thunderstorms.
C - develop convective tu
ulence.
If an unstable air mass is forced upward, what type
clouds can be expected?
2.-\~ - Stratus clouds with little vertical development.
B - Stratus clouds with considerable associated tur-
ulence.
C - Clouds with considerable vertical development
and associated tu
ulence. ·
What feature is associated with a temperature inver-
sion?
'2,-\C,
A- A stable layer of air.
B - An unstable layer of air.
C - Chinook winds on mountain slopes.
What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if
the surface air temperature at 1,000 feet MSL is 70°F
and the dewpoint is 48°F?
2-2..0
A - 4,000 feet MSL.
B - 5,000 feet MSL.
C - 6,000 feet MSL.
At approximately what altitude above the surface
would the pilot expect the base of cumuliform clouds
if the surface air temperature is 82°F and the dewpoint
is 38°F?
2.-2..\
A - 9,000 feet AGL.
B - 10,000 feet AGL.
C - 11,000 feet AGL.
What are characteristics of a moist, unstable air mass?
2.- Z2.
A- Cumuljform clouds and showery precipitation.
B - Poor visibility and smooth air.
C - Stratiform clouds and showery precipitation.
What causes surface winds to flow across the isobars at
an angle rather than parallel to the isobars?
XXXXXXXXXX
A-Coriolis force.
B-Surface friction.
C- The greater density of the air at the surface.
A stable air mass is most likely to have which charac-
teristic?
2.-2.'1
A- Showery precipitation.
B - Tu
ulent air.
C-Smooth air.
The boundary between two different air masses is
efe
ed to as a
2--t.S"
A - frontolysis.
B - frontogenesis .
C-front.
What situation is most conducive to the formation of
adiation fog?
2.-tb
A - Warm, moist air over low, flatland areas on clear,
calm nights.
B - Moist, tropical air moving over cold, offshore
water.
C - The movement of cold air over much warmer
water.
If the temperature/dewpoint spread is small and
decreasing, and the temperature is 62°F, what type
weather is most likely to develop?
2~l.t"
A- Freezing precipitation.
B - Thunderstorms.
C- Fog or low clouds.
In which situation is advection fog most likely to
form?
'2--i.a
A- A warm, moist air mass on the windward side of
mountains.
B - An air mass moving inland from the coast in
winter.
C - A light
eeze blowing colder air out to sea.
What types of fog depend upon wind in order to exist?
2.-2.,
A - Radiation fog and ice fog .
B - Steam fog and ground fog.
C - Advection fog and upslope fog.
Stability can be determined from which measurement
of the atmosphere?
2-30
A-Low level winds.
8- Ambient lapse rate.
C-Atmospheric pressure.
The suffix "nimbus," used in naming clouds, means
A- a cloud with extensive vertical development.
XXXXXXXXXXB - a rain cloud.
C - a middle cloud containing ice pellets.·
Clouds are divided into four families according to their
l-32-
A - outward shape.
B - height range.
C - composition.
To which meteorological condition does the term
"dewpoint" refer?
2.-;3
· A-The temperature to which air must be cooled to
ecome saturated.
B-The temperature at which condensation and
evaporation are equal.
C-The temperature at which dew will always form .
Which force, in the Northern Hemisphere, acts at a ffi
ight angle to the wind and deflects it to the right until
parallel to the isobars?
2-,'f
A-Centrifugal.
B- Pressure gradient.
C- Coriolis.
Which of the following combinations of weather
producing variables would likely result in cumuliform
type clouds, good visibility, rain showers, and possible
clear type icing in clouds?
z-~r
A- Unstable, moist air, and no lifting mechanism.
B- Stable, dry air, and orographic lifting.
C- Unstable, moist air, and orographic lifting.
Unsaturated air flowing upslope will cool at the rate of
approximately (dry adiabatic lapse rate) 2-~,
A-3°C per 1,000 feet.
B-2°C per 1,000 feet.
C- 2.5°C per 1,000 feet.
MET AR KINK 121845211012G18KT 15SM SKC 25/17
MET AR KBOI XXXXXXXXXX13004KT 30SM SCT150 17 /6
A3000.
A3015.
MET AR KLAX 121852Z 25004KT 6SM BR SCT007 SCT250 16/15 A2991.
SPECIKMD W 121856Z32005KT11/2SMRAO VC00717/16 A2980RMKRAB35.
SPEC! KJFK 121853Z 18004KT 1/25M FG R04/2200OVCOOS 20/18 A3006
FIGURE 12.-Aviation Routine Weather Reports(METAR).
(Refer _to figure l 2.) The wind direction and velocity at
KJFK is from
l- 3l-
A - 180° true at 4 knots.
B - 180° magnetic at 4 knots.
C - 040° true at 18 knots.
(R_efer to figure 12-) What are the wind conditions at
· Wmk, Texas (KINK)?
2-38
A-Calm.
B - l 10° at 12 knots, gusts 18 knots.
C - 11 I
O
at 2 knots, gusts 18 knots .
(Refer to figure 12.) Which of the reporting stations
have VFR weather?
z.-;,
A- All.
B - KINK, KBOI, and KJFK.
C - KINK, KBOI, and KLAX.
TAF
(~efer_ to figure 15 on page 7-6.) What is the forecast
wmd for KMEM from I 600Z until the end of the fore-
cast?
2.-'10
A- Variable in direction at 6 knots.
B - No significant wind.
C - Variable in direction at 4 knots .
(Refer to figure 15 on page 7-6.) In the TAF from
KOKC, the "FM (FROM) Group" is forecast for the
hours from l 600Z to 2200Z with the wind from
Z~\ .
A - 180° at 10 knots, becoming 200° at 13 knots.
B - 160° at 10 knots .
C-180° at 10 knots. B)
(Refer to figure 15 on page 7-6.) In the TAF from
KOKC the clear sky becomes
l--~2...
A - overcast at 2,000 feet during the forecast period
etween 2200Z and 2400Z.
B - overca~t at 200 feet with a 40% probability of
ecoming overcast at 600 feet durino the forecast
period between 2200Z and 2400Z. b .
C - overca~t at 200 feet with the probability of
ecoming overcast at 400 feet durino the forecast
, b
penod between 2200Z and 2400Z.
KMEM XXXXXXXXXX20012KT 5SM HZ BKN030 PROB XXXXXXXXXXISM TSRA OVC008CB
FM2200 33015G20KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 PROB XXXXXXXXXX3SM SHRA
FM0200 35012KT OVC008 PROB XXXXXXXXXX2SM -RASN BECMG 0608 02008KT BKN012
BECMG 1012 OOOOOKT 3SM BR SKC TEMPO 1214 l/2SM FG
FM1(500 VRB06KT P6SM SKC=
KOKC XXXXXXXXXX14008KT 5SM BR BKN030 TEMPO XXXXXXXXXX/lSM BR
FM1600 18010KT P6SM SKC BECMG 2224 20013G20KT 4SM SHRA OVC020
PROB XXXXXXXXXX2SM TSRA OVC008CB BECMG 0608 2101SKT P6SM SCT040=
FIGURE 15.-Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF).
FD WBC 151745
DATA BASED ON XXXXXXXXXX
VALID 16002 FOR USE 1800·0300Z. TEMPS NEG ABV 24000
FT XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX30000 · XXXXXXXXXX
ALS XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
AMA XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
OEN XXXXXXXXXX·08 · XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX
HLC XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX· XXXXXXXXXX · XXXXXXXXXX245581
MKC XXXXXXXXXX01 2322· XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX .
STL XXXXXXXXXX~ XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX730649 73196Q
FIGURE 17.-Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast.
. ,
(Refer to figure 17.) What wind is forecast for STL at
9,000 feet?
, Which combination of atmospheric conditions will
educe aircraft takeoff and climb performance?
z.-- t.f ~ A-Low temperature, low relative humidity, and low
A- 230° true at 32 knots. -~~ density altitude.
2.; . 8-High temperature, low relative humidity, and low B -