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# The half cross sectional areas (square metres) defining the underwater hull of a ship (that is the area to one side of the centreline plane) at stations 10 metres apart along the length of the ship...

The half cross sectional areas (square metres) defining the underwater hull of a ship (that is the area to one side of the centreline plane) at stations 10 metres apart along the length of the ship starting at the bow, are:
0.0, 19.4, 45.7, 73.6, 94.4, 104.1, 97.1, 76.4, 48.5, 23.5 and 2.8 Calculate, using Simpson's 1, 4, 1 Rule for approximate integration: 1. the volume of displacement between stations 1 and 11.
2. the distance of the longitudinal centre of buoyancy aft of station 6 (that is amidships).
• QUESTION 2
Discuss the ship design process and outline the main perfotmance characteris-tics to be considered.
• QUESTION 3
Discuss how you would go about finding the longitudinal bending moment amidships of a ship:
1. In still water. 2. In waves using a standard wave of length equal to that of the ship. What do you understand by the terms "hogging" and "sagging" in relation to longitudinal strength?
• QUESTION 4
Discuss the impact computers have made on the way ships are designed, produced and operated.
For candidates taking the Diploma option, a Tutor-Marked Assignment must be completed for each core module. There is a minimum pass mark for each assignment and candidates will be expected to reach this minimum standard. Collectively, the assignments represent a possible 40% of the candidatet final mark.
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DIPLOMA INMARINE SURVEYING2012 / 2013MODULE 4Naval Architecture for SurveyorsAUTHOREric TupperAn Honorary Vice-President and Fellow of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA),Member of Royal Corps of Naval Constructors (RCNC), UKLloyd's and the Lloyd's crest are the registered trademarks of the society incorporated by the Lloyd's Act 1871 by the name of ‘Lloyd's’CONTENTSPage No.GENERAL INTRODUCTION 51. THE BASICS 71.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX71.2 Buoyancy and Displacement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX71.3 Defining the Ship Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX81.3.1 Defining the Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX91.3.2 Defining the Transverse Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX101.3.3 Coefficients of Fineness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX111.4 Areas and Volumes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX131.5 Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX141.5.1 Second Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX151.5.2 Moments of Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX151.6 Approximate Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX161.7 Spreadsheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX201.8 Centres of Gravity and Buoyancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX221.8.1 Centre of Gravity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXXXXXXXXX221.8.2 Centre of Buoyancy . . . . . . . ....

## Solution

David answered on Dec 31 2021
SOLUTION
QUESTION 1

The half cross sectional areas (square metres) defining the underwater hull of a
ship (that is the area to one side of the centreline plane) at stations 10 metres
apart along the length of the ship starting at the bow, are:

0.0, 19.4, 45.7, 73.6, 94.4, 104.1, 97.1, 76.4, 48.5, 23.5 and 2.8

Calculate, using Simpson's 1, 4, 1 Rule for approximate integration:

1. The volume of displacement between stations 1 and 11.

2. The distance of the longitudinal centre of buoyancy aft of station 6
(that is amidships).
Name Value(square meters)
A1 0.0
A2 19.4
A3 45.7
A4 73.6
A5 94.4
A6 104.1
A7 97.1
A8 76.4
A9 48.5
A10 23.5
A11 2.8
1. Volume of displacement between stations 1 and 11 according to Simpson’s rule
= 2*

= 2*5874 cubic meter
= 11748 cubic-meter.
2.
Name Value(square meters)
A1 0.0
A2 19.4
A3 45.7
A4 73.6
A5 94.4
A6 104.1
A7 97.1
A8 76.4
A9 48.5
A10 23.5
A11 2.8
For calculation purposes, average area between 2 areas are taken and tabulated as follows:
Name Value(square meters) Distance from amidships(m)
A1 9.7 -4.5
A2 32.55 -3.5
A3 59.65 -2.5
A4 84 -1.5
A5 99.25 -0.5
A6 100.6 0.5
A7 86.75 1.5
A8 62.45 2.5
A9 36 3.5
A10 13.15 4.5
The distance of the longitudinal center of buoyancy aft of station 6 (that is amidships)
=

=

*2
= 0.067m
= 60.7cm.
Hence, the distance of the longitudinal center of buoyancy aft of station 6 (that is amidships)
is 60.7cm (opposite of bow).
QUESTION 2
Discuss the ship design process and outline the main performance characteristics to be
considered.
Various things need to be looked after quite seriously for overall stability and safety of the ship
as a whole. As ship is used for one of the important method of transportation proper care must
e taken for its strength and stability and safety issues. The hull form can vary from ship to ship
still then the overall geometry of the ship, i.e., its overall length, length of the waterline, length
etween perpendiculars, scantling length, sheer, rake etc. and materials used in making of the
ship must be precisely defined so that the ship can float in all conditions(storms, high tides,
accidents etc.), can withstand the huge vi
ations caused by tides, waves and storms.
Transverse Section
The greater the freeboard the greater the volume of the hull above water. Assuming this
volume is watertight, it represents a reserve of buoyancy should the ship take on extra weights
or lose buoyancy due to partial flooding of the main hull.
After defining the geometry of the ship, proper structural analysis is required for tilting
conditions, considering the weights of loads, cargo etc. Factor of safety must be provided