The assignment can be related to nodal analysis, mesh analysis, Norton or thevinin circuits or still like that.

Car Cruise Control
Introduction
Cruise control system is developed for highway driving.
This system is useful for driving in the roads which are
ig, straight, and the destination is farther apart. When
traffic congestion is increasing, the conventional cruise
control becomes less useful. The adaptive cruise control
(ACC) system is developed to cope up with this situation.
The conventional cruise control provides a vehicle with
one mode of control, velocity control. On the other hand,
ACC provides with two modes of control, velocity and
distance control. ACC reduces the stress of driving in dense
traffic by acting as a longitudinal control pilot. ACC can
work like the conventional cruise control that it is used fo
maintaining the vehicle’s preset velocity. Unlike the cruise
control, however, ACC can automatically adjust velocity in
order to maintain a proper distance between obstacle and
the vehicle equipped with ACC. This is achieved by using
laser or radar to measure the relative distance between the
host vehicle and a vehicle in front.
Low-speed ACC is one of the systems, which operates
under congested traffic to maintain the distance behind the
obstacle vehicle. This type of ACC system is sometimes
called ”stop-and-go ACC.” Early versions may only perform
a ”stop and wait” function which requires drivers to initiate
a resumption of forward movement when appropriate. The
eason is that manufacturers are hesitant to offer such a
system to automatically operate in complex low-speed traffic
environments, which may have bicycles and pedestrians.
The general low-speed ACC system is operated at very
low speed (approximately 5 km/hr) and requires the drive
to interfere to stop and restart vehicle motion. Low-speed
ACC was introduced to the Japanese market in 2004.
High-speed ACC system is the evolution of the cruise
control. The system provides velocity control as in
conventional cruise control when there is no vehicle in front
of the host vehicle. If a vehicle runs in front of the host
vehicle at a slower speed, the throttle and
aking system
are controlled to maintain the inter-vehicle gap which is set
y the driver. The host vehicle will run at the preset velocity
again when the way ahead is no obstructed, resulting from
either the slower vehicle ahead changes the lane or the
driver of the host vehicle moves to the other lane. The
first ACC systems were designed to operate at moderate to
high velocity, 40 km/hr and above. Most European systems
operate from 30 km/hr and higher because this is a typical
speed limit in city areas. The upper speed range goes as
high as 200 km/hr. Bishop, R.H. [2] mentioned that ACC
systems should be designed to have a limited
aking
authority, on the order of 0.25g (full
aking in a typical ca
is 1.0g). In cases where the distance to the vehicle ahead
is near and the
aking authority of the host vehicle is
inadequate to maintain the inter-vehicle gap, audible alerts
are sounded to force the driver to take control of the vehicle.
In this research, the ACC system is developed on an AIT
intelligent vehicle, Mitsubishi Galant, 1993. The authors
propose a fuzzy control algorithm to perform the ACC
function. Inputs of the fuzzy controller are distance e
o
and relative velocity. These inputs are read from the lase
ange finder from SICK, LMS 291. Outputs of the controlle
are
aking command and velocity command
Cruise Control is an innovative way to control vehicle that will keep the car running automatically at a set speed determined by the reference speed and distance between the two cars. Its controller is based on the theorem that when the road is empty car runs at a set speed i
espective of any other factors but in a high traffic road, the set speed varies depending on the distance of the car with the front car. When the distance between the two cars is more, speed is increased upto the setpoint but when the distance between the two cars is very less, driver apply
ake so that the speed is decreased to maintain the distance at a safe value.
Car cruise control works more smoothly in a less traffic road whereas it requires more controlling in a dense traffic road.
There are two type stage of controlling used....