Assignment #1: Quantitative Analysis
Topic: Comparing annual percent of Medicare enrollees having at least one ambulatory visit between B and W
Develop an evaluative research question associated with health care management issues, and propose a methodology that could lead to an improvement of health care delivery.
For this assignment, students should choose data from the quantitative analysis below and are asked to analyze it using Excel.
Students will develop an analysis report, in five main sections, including introduction, research method (research questions/objective, data set, research method, and analysis), results, conclusion and health policy recommendations. This is a 5-6-page individual project report.
Here are the main steps for this assignment.
Step 1: Students require to submit the topic using topic selection discussion forum by the end of week 1 and wait for instructor approval.
Step 2: Develop the research question and Step 3: Run the analysis using EXCEL (RStudio for BONUS points) and report the findings using the assignment instruction.
The Report Structure:
Start with the
1.Cover page (1 page, including running head).
2.Introduction
Introduce the problem or topic being investigated. Include relevant background information, for example;
· Indicates why this is an issue or topic worth researching;
· Highlight how others have researched this topic or issue (whether quantitatively or qualitatively), and
· Specify how others have operationalized this concept and measured these phenomena
Note: Introduction should not be more than one or two paragraphs
3.Research Question or Research Hypothesis
What is the Research Question or Research Hypothesis?
4.Research Method
Discuss the Research Methodology (in general). Describe the variable or variables that are being analyzed. Identify the statistical test you will select to analyze these data and explain why you chose this test. Summarize your statistical alternative hypothesis. This section includes the following sub-sections:
a)Describe the Dataset
Example: The primary source of data will be HOSPITAL COMPARE MEDICARE DATA (citation). This dataset provides information on hospital characteristics, such as: Number of staffed beds, ownership, system membership, staffing by nurses and non-clinical staff, teaching status, percentage of discharge for Medicare and Medicaid patients, and information regarding the availability of specialty and high-tech services, as well as Electronic Medical Record (EMR) use (Describe dataset in 2-3 lines, Google the dataset and find the related website to find more information about the data).
Also, describe the sample size; for example, “The writer is using Medicare data-2013, this data includes 3000 obs. for all of the hospitals in the US.”
)Describe Variables Next, review the database you selected and select a variable or variables that are a “best-fit.” That is, choose a variable that quantitatively measures the concept or concepts articulated in your research question or hypothesis.
Return to your previously stated Research Question or Hypothesis and evaluate it considering the variables you have selected.
c)Describe the Research Method for Analysis
First, describe the research method as a general (e.g., this is a quantitative method and then explain about this method in about one paragraph. If you have this part in the introduction, you do not need to add here).
Then, explain the statistical method you plan to use for your analysis (Refer to content in week 3 on Biostatistics for information on various statistical methods you can choose from).
5. Results
Discuss your findings considering the following tips:
▪ Why you needed to see the distribution of data before any analysis (e.g., check for outliers, finding the best fit test; for example, if the data had not a normal distribution, you can’t use the parametric test, etc., so just add 1 or 2 sentences).
▪ Did you eliminate outliers? (Please write 1 or 2 sentences, if applicable).
▪ How many observations do you have in your database and how many for selected variables, report % of missing.
▪ When you are finished with this, go for the next steps:
Present the results of your statistical analysis; include any relevant statistical information (summary tables, including N, mean, std. dev.). Make sure to completely and co
ectly name all your columns and rows, tables and variables. For this part you could have at least 1-2 tables and 1-2 figures (depending on your variables bar-chart, pi-chart, or scatter-plot), you can use a table like this:
6.Conclusion and Discussion
Review your research questions or hypothesis.
How has your analysis informed this question or hypothesis? Present your conclusion(s) from the results (presented above) and discuss the meaning of this conclusion(s) considering the research question or hypothesis presented in your introduction.
At the end of this section, add one or two sentences and discuss the limitations (including biases) associated with this analysis and any other statements you think are important in understanding the results of this analysis.
References
Include a reference page listing the bibliographic information for all sources cited in this report. This information should be consistent with the requirements specified in the American Psychological Association (APA) format and style guide.
Data
County ID County name Total Medicare reimbursements per enrollee (Parts A and B) (2012) Hospital & skilled nursing facility reimbursements per enrollee (2012) Physician reimbursements per enrollee (2012) Outpatient facility reimbursements per enrollee (2012) Home health agency reimbursements per enrollee (2012) Hospice reimbursements per enrollee (2012) Durable medical equipment reimbursements per enrollee (2012) Number of Medicare beneficiaries (Part B eligible) (2012) Average annual percent of Medicare enrollees having at least one ambulatory visit to a primary care clinician (2012) Number of diabetic Medicare enrollees age XXXXXXXXXX) Average annual percent of diabetic Medicare enrollees age 65-75 having hemoglobin A1c test (2012) Average annual percent of diabetic Medicare enrollees age 65-75 having eye examination (2012) Average annual percent of diabetic Medicare enrollees age 65-75 having blood lipids (LDL-C) test (2012) Number of female Medicare enrollees age XXXXXXXXXX) Average percent of female Medicare enrollees age 67-69 having at least one mammogram over a two-year period (2012) Number of Medicare beneficiaries (Part A eligible) (2012) Discharges for ambulatory care sensitive conditions per 1,000 Medicare enrollees (2012)
Medicare enrollees (2012) Age, sex & race-adjusted Price, age, sex & race-adjusted Age, sex & race-adjusted Price, age, sex & race-adjusted Age, sex & race-adjusted Price, age, sex & race-adjusted Age, sex & race-adjusted Price, age, sex & race-adjusted Age, sex & race-adjusted Price, age, sex & race-adjusted Age, sex & race-adjusted Price, age, sex & race-adjusted Age, sex & race-adjusted Price, age, sex & race-adjusted Overall Black White Overall Black White Overall Black White Overall Black White Overall Black White Overall Black White Overall Black White Overall Black White Overall Black White Overall Black White
1001 AL-Autauga County 4346 8908 9939 3685 4324 2642 2788 1284 1412 489 547 499 578 309 306 4,445 374 4,071 85.1 77.2 85.8 689 109 580 84.6 80.7 85.3 69.1 60.6 70.7 82.0 75.2 83.3 391 52 339 68.8 71.2 68.4 4,688 378 4,310 79.7 75.8 80.3
1003 AL-Baldwin County 21234 8195 9502 3021 3848 2638 2796 1183 1351 621 722 469 547 261 256 21,668 800 20,868 82.8 78.9 83.2 2,471 137 2,334 81.1 80.3 81.1 65.7 62.0 65.9 79.4 70.8 79.9 1,888 89 1,799 66.1 60.7 66.4 22,883 836 22,047 51.4 55.3 50.5
1005 AL-Ba
our County 2935 9015 10414 3690 4467 2434 2615 1359 1568 614 717 650 774 290 288 3,010 909 2,101 86.4 78.6 87.3 504 210 294 85.7 87.1 84.7 68.7 67.6 69.4 85.7 85.2 86.1 301 111 190 61.8 55.0 65.8 3,088 900 2,188 86.9 79.3 99.9
1007 AL-Bi
County 1869 9771 10825 4010 4677 2437 2591 1453 1563 1269 1362 372 420 275 272 1,923 187 1,736 84.1 79.0 84.5 327 47 280 82.9 85.1 82.5 55.4 51.1 56.1 82.3 74.5 83.6 162 61.7 2,022 190 1,832 70.8 69.9
1009 AL-Blount County 4591 9198 10281 3921 4628 2647 2778 1101 1210 679 745 576 668 304 302 4,722 83.2 735 86.1 66.9 81.5 384 59.9 4,991 37 4,954 84.8
1011 AL-Bullock County 1037 8617 9976 3922 4821 2422 2558 1430 1616 306 345 356 428 232 232 1,094 715 379 78.6 70.6 82.6 201 147 54 77.1 74.1 85.2 58.7 56.5 64.8 77.6 76.9 79.6 89 61 28 51.7 47.5 60.7 1,127 715 412 68.4 87.6
1013 AL-Butler County 2699 9982 11378 4053 4806 2372 2464 1597 1817 794 928 808 987 350 346 2,747 822 1,925 88.0 86.1 86.4 452 191 261 86.1 81.7 89.3 59.5 52.4 64.8 82.7 75.4 88.1 224 73 151 60.3 53.4 63.6 2,789 811 1,978 116.9 138.1 120.2
1015 AL-Calhoun County 15120 9864 11405 4304 5360 2775 2950 1228 1359 666 735 631 761 290 286 15,437 1,757 13,680 84.1 80.6 84.3 2,273 382 1,891 80.6 77.2 81.2 61.1 59.7 61.4 76.6 72.0 77.5 1,363 157 1,206 57.0 52.2 57.6 16,302 1,829 14,473 84.6 102.2 83.6
1017 AL-Chambers County 4895 7734 8948 3411 4150 1895 2055 1362 1540 343 392 463 551 261 259 5,055 1,254 3,801 81.0 76.1 81.0 866 279 587 85.7 87.1 85.0 56.6 55.9 56.9 80.8 78.1 82.1 472 146 326 62.3 60.3 63.2 5,186 1,233 3,953 66.7 66.5 71.7
1019 AL-Cherokee County 2962 9657 10851 4455 5220 2555 2674 1083 1206 795 903 585 701 268 266 3,022 90 2,932 88.3 89.7 88.6 531 20 511 91.7 90.0 91.8 59.1 88.7 90.0 88.6 295 61.0 3,104 91 3,013 87.4 83.3
1021 AL-Chilton County 3064 9075 10168 3368 4096 2965 3100 1027 1116 786 858 645 740 303 296 3,144 184 2,960 81.5 75.4 82.0 438 37 401 88.8 89.2 88.8 70.8 83.8 69.6 87.4 89.2 87.3 291 24 267 66.7 66.7 66.7 3,270 184 3,086 62.6
1023 AL-Choctaw County 2163 10077 11908 4167 5321 2564 2679 1327 1517 481 560 1371 1684 307 304 2,214 715 1,499 92.5 89.6 91.0 425 189 236 85.4 83.1 87.3 59.5 55.0 63.1 79.5 77.8 80.9 221 75 146 57.0 56.0 57.5 2,214 702 1,512 68.4 52.6 84.9
1025 AL-Clarke County 3351 7965 9422 3231 4163 2040 2143 1013 1161 537 628 917 1099 272 269 3,426 1,017 2,409 75.9 74.9 74.3 527 221 306 76.9 76.9 76.8 52.0 54.8 50.0 72.3 70.6 73.5 303 97 206 59.1 58.8 59.2 3,508 1,014 2,494 80.0 102.8 78.7
1027 AL-Clay County 1902 8665 9934 3943 4810 2472 2579 1165 1327 569 660 276 332 235 231 1,946 173 1,773 83.5 84.7 83.3 249 34 215 82.3 85.3 81.9 62.7 58.8 63.3 81.9 91.2 80.5 162 58.6 2,005 174 1,831 107.8 104.0
1029 AL-Cleburne County 1891 9781 11159 4274 5262 2553 2687 1159 1250 762 835 725 854 367 362 1,949 75 1,874 80.2 79.7 80.5 306 17 289 85.9 88.2 85.8 48.4 83.0 82.4 83.0 168 46.4 2,005 73 1,932 81.8
1031 AL-Coffee County 6151 7852 9330 2797 3677 2438 2622 1033 1198 643 755 732 894 254 249 6,304 779 5,525 85.4 82.0 85.4 954 164 790 87.4 86.6 87.6 67.8 69.5 67.5 81.6 71.3 83.7 550 74 476 64.9 70.3 64.1 6,514 794 5,720 75.1 92.4 74.0
1033 AL-Colbert County 8087 9126 10689 3600 4558 2637 2858 1080 1215 866 1007 707 829 270 266 8,220 1,084 7,136 87.0 86.5 86.6 1,409 266 1,143 88.8 91.4 88.2 57.3 51.9 58.5 90.2 90.2 90.2 690 98 592 67.0 75.5 65.5 8,394 1,095 7,299 78.8 79.9 80.3
1035 AL-Conecuh County 1815 9284 11037 4019 5211 2231 2315 1391 1598 737 861 599 737 304 298 1,861 605 1,256 85.9 84.4 83.9 294 136 158 71.8 71.3 72.2 51.0 49.3 52.5 74.1 72.8 75.3 171 67 104 60.8 62.7 59.6 1,889 595 1,294 154.2 174.6 162.9
1037 AL-Coosa County 1455 8536 9815 2830 3416 2287 2450 1520 1747 546 631 1113 1354 335 330 1,493 331 1,162 84.7 83.6 83.7 204 59 145 84.3 84.7 84.1 56.9 54.2 57.9 68.6 57.6 73.1 126 27 99 64.3 63.0 64.6 1,542 337 1,205 72.6 91.2 71.9
1039 AL-Covington County 6056 9081 10626 3909 4945 2558 2706 1143 1307 864 1012 368 432 253 248 6,122 508 5,614 87.7 83.1 88.1 928 127 801 82.1 78.0 82.8 65.1 59.1 66.0 79.1 71.7 80.3 525 51 474 64.6 62.7 64.8 6,273 505 5,768 114.8 120.8 114.5
1041 AL-Crenshaw County 1810 9221 10459 3935 4632 2380 2482 1352 1537 599 701 679 829 278 277 1,885 289 1,596 71.2 68.5 71.1 323 71 252 78.9 77.5 79.4 63.2 57.7 64.7 80.5 78.9 81.0 155 27 128 60.6 51.9 62.5 1,940 286 1,654 87.9 92.6
1043 AL-Cullman County 10018 9180 10210 3595 4193 2787 2839 1137 1303 578 657 737 905 359 356 10,220 48 10,172 84.4 86.2 84.9 1,500 89.3 69.2 84.6 827 66.1 10,635 54 10,581 57.0
1045 AL-Dale County 5868 8779 10430 3611 4650 2491 2678 1114 1297 515 602 822 1004 280 276 5,995 742 5,253 81.2 79.9 81.1 991 195 796 83.4 82.1 83.7 65.1 60.0 66.3 81.1 81.0 81.2 560 92 468 66.4 67.4 66.2 6,265 762 5,503 64.0 63.6 65.2
1047 AL-Dallas County 4727 8804 9831 4212 4754 2316 2480 1047 1191 370 430 513 630 360 362 4,884 2,484 2,400 76.9 68.8 79.5 802 511 291 76.7 78.5 73.5 66.0 63.4 70.4 72.4 72.2 72.9 401 220 181 62.6 58.2 68.0 4,950 2,444 2,506 69.6 91.3 67.6
1049 AL-DeKalb County 7660 9089 10505 3912 4849 2397 2530 1149 1308 794 900 596 714 296 291 7,840 72 7,768 85.2 75.6 85.8 1,217 14 1,203 89.6 100.0 89.5 58.8 87.8 85.7 87.8 671 56.0 8,129 75 8,054 87.2
1051 AL-Elmore County 7786 9199 10303 3868 4538 2614 2765 1339 1478 538 599 594 692 258 257 8,020 597 7,423 83.5 75.0 84.2 1,179 137 1,042 83.8 81.8 84.1 69.3 62.8 70.2 80.0 75.2 80.6 727 58 669 66.4 46.6 68.2 8,475 618 7,857 70.3 70.3 70.3
1053 AL-Escambia County 4914 9348 10882 3863 4862 2224 2289 1516 1730 1011 1181 445 526 275 270 4,958 1,034 3,924 83.1 79.7 82.8 829 237 592 81.9 87.8 79.6 51.0 47.7 52.4 74.9 73.4 75.5 454 101 353 59.9 61.4 59.5 5,123 1,051 4,072 117.4 120.5 123.5
1055 AL-Etowah County 14612 10435 12060 4680 5763 2677 2851 1155 1292 837 931 823 987 312 305 14,905 1,058 13,847 81.2 79.0 81.4 2,320 258 2,062 84.1 84.1 84.1 61.4 57.0 61.9 80.3 77.5 80.6 1,242 91 1,151 58.5 49.5 59.2 15,409 1,076 14,333 88.5 101.2 87.3
1057 AL-Fayette County 2240 8850 9878 4052 4672 2145 2280 1396 1555 684 773 239 278 330 323 2,284 190 2,094 83.7 86.3 83.4 357 46 311 81.0 82.6 80.7 56.0 47.8 57.2 80.4 73.9 81.4 168 61.3 2,350 195 2,155 99.1 101.6
1059 AL-Franklin County 4406 9774 11628 4317 5581 2503 2683 1109 1266 1047 1226 538 651 332 328 4,498 147 4,351 78.9 75.9 79.3 714 25 689 85.3 88.0 85.2 57.3 60.0 57.2 84.7 84.0 84.8 386 54.9 4,624 147 4,477 114.8 114.3
1061 AL-Geneva County 4060 8719 10333 3605 4671 2538 2699 1021 1190 743 870 548 667 291 284 4,137 310 3,827 84.1 78.6 84.5 659 66 593 86.8 83.3 87.2 68.0 63.6 68.5 80.4 78.8 80.6 326 29 297 62.0 62.1 62.0 4,244 311 3,933 87.5 86.8
1063 AL-Greene County 1100 8631 9557 3689 4241 2097 2261 1449 1535 608 679 467 487 275 272 1,131 804 327 60.3 51.2 71.5 192 154 38 87.0 87.0 86.8 72.4 72.1 73.7 82.8 81.2 89.5 105 77 28 60.0 63.6 50.0 1,141 801 340 102.2 119.7
1065 AL-Hale County 2367 9040 9898 4101 4700 2347 2454 1176 1254 613 666 546 558 264 259 2,443 1,082 1,361 73.1 61.9 78.0 407 224 183 77.1 76.3 78.1 61.7 59.8 63.9 78.1 76.3 80.3 205 87 118 54.1 54.0 54.2 2,479 1,070 1,409 72.1 67.3 93.2
1067 AL-Henry County 2619 8120 9678 3170 4135 2374 2544 1115 1299 510 596 695 849 284 281 2,656 561 2,095 76.4 64.3 78.6 419 102 317 86.2 86.3 86.1 67.8 57.8 71.0 85.0 84.3 85.2 244 55 189 53.3 56.4 52.4 2,768 577 2,191 53.1 39.9 60.3
1069 AL-Houston County 11912 8479 10053 3406 4404 2619 2813 1082 1259 549 642 591 714 253 249 12,198 2,014 10,184 83.8 77.6 84.2 1,837 486 1,351 86.5 85.6 86.8 70.9 64.8 73.1 83.1 78.2 84.9 1,080 187 893 63.1 61.0 63.6 12,711 2,037 10,674 60.7 73.6 60.2
1071 AL-Jackson County 7841 9239 10568 3773 4591 2561 2710 1293 1442 690 801 668 818 305 301 8,042 198 7,844 83.4 82.8 83.8 1,413 36 1,377 82.5 72.2 82.8 52.4 58.3 52.3 78.6 72.2 78.7 754 52.3 8,288 203 8,085 102.4 99.1
1073 AL-Jefferson County 44608 8394 9420 3595 4271 2588 2743 1047 1138 442 481 464 524 273 269 46,229 11,330 34,899 79.4 74.2 79.6 5,725 2,216 3,509 84.0 82.2 85.2 65.5 61.8 67.8 80.0 75.0 83.1 3,675 1,186 2,489 65.1 64.8 65.2 50,121 12