Workplace scenario and job specifications:
You are working as an u
an designer in a civil construction company. Your company has
eceived a project to design and prepare u
an roads.
The organisation has provided you with access to the following documents:
▪ drawings
▪ specifications
▪ design
iefs
▪ engineering surveys
▪ geotechnical information
▪ hydrological, meteorological, cultural and heritage data
▪ test results of construction materials for u
an roads
▪ data for selecting design options for u
an roads
The organisation wants you to applying civil design techniques, including the following, to
prepare detailed designs of u
an roads:
▪ computer-aided drafting design (CADD) and drafting technology
▪ engineering graphical presentation techniques
Workplace requirements
Further, the training organisation must ensure the construction site must meet the
equirements given in the table below.
The training organisation must ensure that the civil construction sites prepare
detailed designs of u
an roads on at least two (2) occasions. The work includes:
• Ca
ying out risk assessments
• Evaluating design options for u
an roads
• Interpreting and analysing data and performing calculations to determine
the design of the u
an roads.
• Preparing design plans for u
an roads
• Preparing cost estimates
• Obtaining design approval
• Participating in performance reviews of design processes
• Providing clarification and advice to personnel implementing the design
• Maintaining design and cost records
• Validating designs.
This assessment task requires the student to prepare detailed designs of u
an roads in
civil construction. This includes:
• Ca
ying out risk assessments
• Evaluating design options for u
an roads
• Interpreting and analysing data and performing calculations to determine the
design of the u
an roads.
• Preparing design plans for u
an roads
• Preparing cost estimates
• Obtaining design approval
• Participating in performance reviews of design processes
• Providing clarification and advice to personnel implementing the design
• Maintaining design and cost records
• Validating designs.
To do so, you will be required to complete the following activities on two (2) occasions:
• Activity 1: Plan and prepare for the detailed design of u
an roads
• Activity 2: Prepare detailed designs of u
an roads
• Activity 3: Finalise design processes of u
an roads
• Activity 4: Validate designs
The training organisation must assign a Supervisor to each student or take on the
ole of Supervisor.
The worksite must have realistic tasks or simulated tasks, relevant specifications
and work instructions, standard work practices, safety requirements and
environmental constraints.
The site and its su
oundings are accessible and clear of hazards, so far as
easonably practicable.
The site must have realistic workplace conditions, standards, materials, activities,
esponsibilities, procedures, safety requirements, and environmental
considerations.
An experienced employee is available to provide adequate guidance and
supervision to less experienced employees.
The students have the clothing and footwear required. In addition, the clothing and
footwear are in good condition and suitable for the task.
Activity 1: Plan and prepare for the detailed design
of u
an roads
This activity requires you to plan and prepare for the detailed design of u
an roads.
To complete this activity, you are required to:
• Complete the steps given in the ‘Checklist 1’ provided.
• Document the outcomes using Template 1 – Template 3.
While completing each step, you must place a tick mark against each step given in the
checklist once completed.
Checklist 1: Plan and prepare for the detailed design of u
an roads
Steps Occasion 1 Occasion 2
Step 1: Access and interpret u
an road design documentation and
ensure the work activity is compliant
• Access the following road design documentation:
o Known and potential hazards, constraints and conditions
o Cultural and heritage data
o Geological data
o Geotechnical data
o Hydrological data
o Survey data
o Meteorological data
• Consult with the Supervisor and team members and ensure the
work activity is compliant.
• Conduct risk assessments of the existing and potential hazards
considering the u
an road design documentation.
o Evaluate the layout of the roads and determine five (5)
isks associated with the following:
▪ pavement
▪ surface treatment
▪ traffic signals
▪ sub-surface drainage
▪ traffic management systems
▪ underground services
▪ civil structures
▪ lighting
▪ environmental controls
▪ landscaping
o Calculate risk rating.
o Determine and document risk controls for each risk
identified and document using Template 1
• Further, document the following using Template 2.
o Documents reviewed
o Checks conducted to check compliance with the work
activity.
o Outcomes of the checks conducted.
Step 2: Obtain, read, interpret, clarify and confirm work requirements.
• Consult your Supervisor and obtain work requirements for the
design of u
an roads.
• Read the work requirements.
• Consult relevant authorities and interpret work requirements.
• Clarify and confirm project work requirements and information
with relevant authorities.
Step 3: Prepare a design plan using Template 3, which makes the best
use of the available resources and meets the design requirements.
Include the following information in the design plan:
• Human resource requirements
• Design hardware and software
• Coordination requirements
• Scheduling
• Review requirements
• Design process communication and reporting requirements
Template 1: Risk assessment (Occasion 1)
Risk assessment
Risks (Any five) Risk
likelihood
Risk
consequence
Risk
ating
Risk controls
Sign off:
Date:
Template 2: Compliance check
Compliance check
Client Name: Student to fill
Address: Student to fill
Phone Number: Student to fill
Date(dd/mm/yyyy) Student to fill
Worker name:
Job Details:
Compliace check
Worker
signature:
Documents reviewed
Checks conducted to check
complaice of the work activity.
XXXXXXXXXXwords)
Outcomes of the checks
conducted.
XXXXXXXXXXwords)
Sign off:
Date:
Template 3: Design plan
Design plan
Client Name: Student to fill
Address: Student to fill
Phone Number: Student to fill
Date(dd/mm/yyyy) Student to fill
Worker name:
Job Details:
Compliace check
Worker
signature:
Human resource
equirements
XXXXXXXXXXwords)
Design hardware and
software
XXXXXXXXXXwords)
Coordination requirements (50-
100 words)
Scheduling
Review requirements (50-
100 words)
Design process
communication and
eporting requirements
XXXXXXXXXXwords)
Sign off:
Date:
Activity 2: Prepare detailed designs of u
an roads
This activity requires you to prepare detailed design of u
an roads
To complete this activity, you are required to:
• Complete the steps given in the ‘Checklist 2’ provided.
• Document the outcomes using Template 4 – Template 6
While completing each step, you must place a tick mark against each step given in
the checklist once completed.
Checklist 2: Plan and prepare for the detailed design of u
an roads
Steps Occasion 1 Occasion 2
Step 1: Interpret the following data to the team members from the
documentation accessed and analyse data in collaboration with them:
• Areas
• Volumes
• Flow rates
• Capacities
• Densities
• Mass
• Percentages
• Grades
• Capacity requirements for u
an roads
• Sizes of component for u
an roads
• Cross-section
• Horizontal alignment
• Vertical alignment
• Tie-In sections and blend areas
• Passing/overtaking lanes
• Intersections, Roundabouts and Interchanges
• High Wide Loads
• Bus Facilities
• Pavement Structure and Surfacing Design
• Road Safety Ba
iers
• Drainage Design
• Signing and Linemarking
• Design safety
• Road Design Standards
Further, based on the above-given analysis of data, you are then
equired to prepare a report using Template 4 to the management that
includes the following:
• Three (3) viable options for the design of u
an roads.
• Provide a recommendation on the prefe
ed option and provide
a reason for the selection of the prefe
ed option.
Step 2: Complete the detailed design of the u
an roads using
computer-aided drafting design (CADD) and drafting technology.
• Access computer-aided drafting design (CADD) technology such
as AutoCAD to complete the design of u
an roads.
• Take into consideration the data analysed and recommendations
provided in Step 1.
• Submit the finalised design to your Supervisor.
Step 3: Prepare a cost estimate for executing the designed u
an roads
using Template 5. Include the following information:
• Fixed costs: This includes the cost of purchasing equipment,
material and plants.
• Time-related cost: This includes the cost of wages, equipment,
and building rents spends on a particular activity in a given
duration.
• Quantity proportional cost: It includes the cost of the quantity of
material. It is of two types such as:
o Direct costs of construction of u
an roads: The costs and
expenses accrued on a facility, capacity or item are known
as direct costs. The expenses caused by workers, material
and equipment, etcetera are the direct costs in
construction projects.
o Indirect costs of construction of u
an roads: These are
not directly accounted for on a particular facility, product
or function. These are either variable or fixed.
• Construction cost of roads including the following:
o environmental works
o traffic management and temporary works
o adjustments of public utility
o traffic signage, signals and controls
o retaining walls
o drainage
o tunnels
o client-supplied materials and construction services
o pavements
o finishing works
o bulk earthworks
o supplementary items
o
idges
Step 4: Participate in the review of the design of the u
an road with
peers and stakeholders.
• Cross-Section: Examine the relationship between typical road
cross-section layouts for initial and final designs, paying special
attention to the following:
o Horizontal and vertical alignments.
o Design levels.
o The extent of earthworks and batters.
• Horizontal Alignment: Discuss the design concerns using the
following items as a guide:
o alignment length
o design speed,
o chainage system,
o curve radii range
o realignment(s) concerning the existing road,
o plan transitions,
o alternative horizontal alignments,
o tie-ins,
o horizontal alignment to ultimate alignment,
o variances to Main Roads lateral clearance requirements
• Vertical Alignment: Discuss the design concerns using the
following items as a guide:
o VPI spacing
o sight distance
o Gradients,
o super-elevation, super-elevation VC roundings,
o super-elevation transition lengths,
o clearances for grade separation,
o cut and fill depths,
o relationship of vertical profiles for each ca
iageway
o alternative vertical alignments,
o constraints, etc.
• Tie-In Sections and Blend Areas: Discuss the design concerns for
where the planned roadworks tie into existing road sections,
such as blend zones, diverge/merge tapers, and the suitability
of tie-in section sight distances.
• Passing / Overtaking Lanes: If applicable, discuss the following
design issues for overtaking lanes:
o Length of overtaking lanes.
o Wa
ant for overtaking lanes.
o Location of overtaking lanes
• Road Widening
o If applicable, discuss the following design aspects for the
oad widening:
o Wa
ant for the road widening.
o Length of the road widening.
o Location of the road widening
o Profiling of the edge of the road widening
o Method used for designing the road widening
• Intersections, Roundabouts and Interchanges: Discuss the
design concerns using the following items as a guide:
o design speed,
o traffic assessment,
o horizontal and vertical alignments,
o left and right turn lane treatments (free flow slip lane, 70
deg. standup),
o sight distances,
o deceleration lane lengths,
o cyclist facilities,
o acceleration lane lengths,
o traffic islands,
o pedestrian facilities,
o paving,
o dual-use-paths,
o
idges,
o underpasses,
o ramps,
o swept path design vehicle(s),
o traffic signal control,
o ability to turn lane co
ect,
o alternative alignments,
o clearances for grade separation,
o constraints,