1302 Test 4“Rosie the Riveter” 6.5 million women at work in W.W. II helping military (clerks,...

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1302 Test 4“Rosie the Riveter” 6.5 million women at work in W.W. II helping military (clerks, drivers, cooks, etc.)Another 13 million women worked in factoriesWomen in W.W.IIWomen in W.W.IIPresident Camacho declared war on Axis Powers after Germany sunk two Mexican oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico201st Fighting Mexican Squadron (some trained at the Brownsville airport) fought in the PhilippinesMexico also provided allies with: metals, minerals, oil, ruer and fibersMexico relocated 2100 Japanese and seized German bank accountsMexico in World War II Mexico as an allyMexican W.W.II poste201stChildren in W.W.IITuskegee Airmen  D Day InvasionOct, 1944 – Largest sea battle ever foughtKamikazes “Divine Wind”Battle of Leyte GulfAlbert EinsteinMost expensive U.S. project up to that timeThis project created the atomic bombs3 bombs were made: Trinity, Little Boy, Fat ManManhattan ProjectManhattan ProjectAlbert EinsteinJ. Robert OppenheimeApril, XXXXXXXXXXFDR diesV.P. Hay Truman becomes president Hay TrumanMay 8, 1945Berlin capturedHitler commits suicideV. E. Day “”Victory over Europe”Germany suendersTrinity (July 1945)Little Boy and Fat ManDelivers two remaining atomic bombs to Tinian Island in the northern MarianasIt was sunk on it’s return voyageU.S.S. IndianapolisAug 6, 1945 – 8:15amHiroshima had an army base and munitions factory Over 100,000 Japanese died  HiroshimaAug. 9, 19452nd atomic bomb droppedNaval base40,000-60,000 deaths NagasakiNagasakiAtomic blastBlast victims Atomic blastAtomic victimsAtomic destructionAugust 10, 1945Japanese emperor Hirohito asked his people to suendeJapan agreed as long as they could keep their emperor as a figurehead leadeHirohitoHirohitoAugust 14, 1945V.J. Day – “Victory over Japan”Japan suendersEconomics:1 – Centralization and integration of corporate activities2 – Industrial development of the sunbelt3 – Expansion of overseas operations by U.S. companies4 – Beginning of computersWorld War II:Baby boomers12 million people exterminated by Germany during W.W.IIIncluding 6 million JewsPerhaps 75% of the European Jewish population perishedHolocaustHolocaustHolocaustHolocaust XXXXXXXXXXDiplomatic and economic hostility, and conflict, between the U. S. and the U.S.S.R. (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) without actual warfareNuclear arms race between these two post-W.W.II superpowers  Cold Wa1945 – headquartered in New YorkReplaced the ineffective League of NationsMember nations pledge to promote world peaceEstablishes international law and hears and resolves problems between nations2016 – 193 member nations United Nations1947 - U.S. pledge to help any country who do not want to fall to communismU.S. will give money and weaponsTwo main threats of falling to communism were Greece and TurkeyTruman Doctrine applies to other countries as wellTruman DoctrineHay Truman1949 - North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationA military alliance among membersEnds American isolation“An attack against one, is an attack against all”NATONATOWestern Europe was destroyed after the war and was vulnerable to a communist take oveU.S. rebuilds their economies with over $12 billion in fundsU.S. needs their economies strong for trade. (We don’t trade with communist)Marshall Plan (1948)1947 – President Hay Truman signed the National Security Act which created the Central Intelligence AgencyCreated in part by the British example and success of their Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) Gather, process, and analyze national security information from around the world.    CIAhttps:www.cia.gov/index.htmlCIAFear of Communism XXXXXXXXXX, popularly known as “McCarthyism”Named after Senator Joseph McCarthyCauses: espionage (spying). Example: the trial of Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.Chinese Civil War (China joined the communist world)Soviet Union’s nuclear weapons Second Red ScareSecond Red Scare XXXXXXXXXX Containment (George Kennan)With United Nations approval, Truman sends troops to Korea to stop the spread of communismCompromise at the 38th-parallel33,000 American livesKoreaKorean Wa1951 (Ratified)- officially limits the president to two terms in office(A reaction to FDR)XXII Amendment1957 – Soviet Union shocked the world by launching the world’s 1st satellite Successfully oited the earth in 90 minutes1958 – U.S. creates NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)  Sputnik IWins 1952 and 1956 presidential elections (Republican)1953 - Operation Ajax – Addressed the possible spread of communism into Iran1957 - Eisenhower Doctrine – containment of communism of the Middle East Aggression against communism: long-range bombers, long-range missiles, nuclear weaponsDwight D. EisenhoweEisenhowe1952 – National Security AgencyFort Meade, Maryland“Defending Our Nation. Securing the Future.”Collects data for national defenseNSANSA1955 – Military and economic alliance between the Soviet Union and other communist nationsThe communist answer to NATOWarsaw PactStrong American dollar and buying powe1956 - Federal Highway Act  - creates first interstate highway systemAutomobile sales increaseTelevisionComputers (begin)Low UnemploymentCorporate America1950’s - Economy1956 - Cadillac1954 – Brown verses Board of EducationOverturned Plessy verses Ferguson (1896)Desegregates public education Backed by NAACP and Jewish interestsChief Justice Earl WaenCivil Rights1955 – Rosa Parks and Montgomery bus boycottEnds segregated public transportationMartin Luther King, Jr. and Passive Resistance(assassinated in 1968 – James Earl Ray)Civil Rights1957 – Little Rock Central High SchoolArkansas Governor Orval Faubus blocks 9 African American children from this public schoolPresident Eisenhower sends in 101st Aiorne DivisionEvent covered by televisionCivil RightsLittle Rock Central HighLittle RockMartin Luther King, Jr.Rosa Parks1951 – Charles Townes - laser 1954 – American microbiologist Jonas Salk developed vaccine against polio1956 – 1st transatlantic telephone cable1958 – Jack Kiy – integrated circuitTechnologyCold WaCold WaCold WaCold WaPolioAntibiotics1959 – seized power in Cuba by overthrowing Fulgencio BatistaNationalized American owned oil refineries and allied with Soviet leader Nikita KhrushchevU.S. imposed economic sanctions against CubaFidel CastroFulgencio BatistaNikita KhrushchevJohn F. Kennedy becomes first and only Catholic president (Democrat)Election of 1960  Election of 19601961 – A failed CIA attempt under Kennedy to remove Castro from power in CubaBay of Pigs1962 – Military Airforce spy planes (U-2) photographed nuclear missiles being established in Cuba by the Soviet Union        U 2 Spy Planes1962 – JFK dispatched the U.S. Navy to suound (quarantine) CubaNot to allow Soviet ships in to CubaResults: U.S.S.R. agrees to remove missiles from Cuba, and America agrees to disarm TurkeyCuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile CrisisJohn F. Kennedy1964 - Signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson who became president after Kennedy assassinationOutlawed segregation and established the Fair Employment Practice, lessening discrimination in employment against:Sex, race, religion, ageToday – AGE discrimination is the problem in the workforceHandicapped were excluded.   Civil Rights Act - 1964Lyndon B. Johnson1965 – Federal law signed by JohnsonBanned literacy tests and voting discriminationVoting Rights Act24th Amendment – “The right of citizens to vote…shall not be denied…by reason or failure to pay poll tax or other tax.”XXIV25th Amendment – If the president cannot do their job, then the vice president shall take over.(A result, in part, to the Kennedy assassination)XXVKent StateAfrican-American activists of the 1960’sMalcolm X (assassinated in 1965)Radical militant group formed in Oakland, CaliforniaEncouraged African-Americans to arm themselves A.K.A. – Black Berets African-American equivalence to the Ku Klux Klan Black PanthersMalcolm XCollege Distuances(See Roy Benavides film) XXXXXXXXXXVietnam War Was originally French Indo-China Before American involvementCommunist in Northern Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh successfully fought and won their independence from FranceAmerica became concerned of the spreading of communism         Vietnam WaAmerica sought a policy of containment1959 - 1st U.S. troops aived in Vietnam under Eisenhowe1960’s - American troops increased to 500,0001975 – Last American troops leave Vietnam WaVietnamVietnam WaVietnam Wa26th Amendment  - the right to vote for age 18 and aboveXXVI26th Amendment Richard Nixon (Republican) won 1968 and 1972 presidential electionsCREEP – Committee to Re-elect the President Broke into the Democratic headquarters housed in the Watergate building in Washington, D.C. They were caught and president Nixon was linked and he tried to cover this up Nixon resigned the presidency Richard NixonElection of 1968Troops in Vietman Richard NixonBecame president when Nixon resigned Ford’s vice president was Nelson Rockefeller Ford pardoned Nixon  Gerald FordGerald FordWon the 1976 election (Democrat) He won against Gerald FordCarter created the Department of Energy to research and develop alternative fuel sources including nuclear energyCarter negotiated the Camp David Accords in which Egypt recognized Israel as a country and in return Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt Jimmy Carter  XXXXXXXXXXAmericans were taken hostage in Iran from the American Embassy Carter sent a military rescue mission that failed Carter was unable to get the Americans released which hurt his chances of re-election Jimmy CarteJimmy CarteWins 1980 presidential election (Republican) against Carter The American hostages in Iran were released the day he became president He was a conservative who favored traditional family values Reagan cut social programs and increased military spending ($1 million per minute) Ronald Reagan He cut taxes for wealthy Americans and supported less government in big businessRe-elected in 1984 SDI- Strategic Defense Initiative “Star Wars” A trillion dollar program which will use laser beams to destroy incoming Soviet missilesHe traveled to Moscow and negotiated a reduction in nuclear weapons with Mikhail Goachev  By 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed  Ronald Reagan Ronald ReaganCrude-Oil Imports and Gasoline Prices Election of 1980Reagan's vice president George Bush (Republican)Won 1988 election U.S. versus (Democrat) Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts  Former ambassador to China and former director of the CIAFought a “war” against illegal drugs from coming into America especially cocaine Dispatched troops to Iraq after Suddam Hussain invaded KuwaitPassed the Americans with Disabilities

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United States of America from World War II till now
United States of America did not participated in World War I although President Woodrow Wilson requested the Congress to declare war against Germany due to unrestrictive submarine warfare of Berlin policy. It was the major European nations like Britain, Germany and France followed by Italy and Russia which participated in WWI. America remained neutral. But it was due to the Japanese air strikes in the naval base of Pearl Harbour in the year 1941 which made USA attack Japan’s Hiroshima and Nagasaki with two atomic bombs Little boy and fat  man killing thousands of people in Japan. Japan finally surrendered in 1945 and Hitler killed himself with the capture of Germany, resulting in the end of WWII. USA decided to strike down the Axis power which was directed by Adolf Hitler of Germany, Hirohito of Japan and Benito Mussolini of Italy. With the two atomic strikes the world observed the super power of America. All the Americans participated in the WWII and around 6.5 million women helped the military as cooks, clerks and helpers and nurses in hospitals. Rosie Will Monroe who worked as a riveter in a willow made aircraft factory making B-24 bombers for the war became a famous icon for the American women as ‘Rosie the Riveter’. Mexico also participated in the World War II as two Mexican oil tankers were destroyed by Germany. They provided the allies which were Britain, United States, China and Soviet Union with mineral, oil, metal and other supports. It was the Battle of Leyte Gulf which destroyed the Japanese air and sea fleets and the US invaded the Philippines and strengthened the allies’ power in the pacific. Even the American children participated in the war by joining the scouts. They helped to collect war materials like scraps and raised money for helping their troops. The US fought the WWII with the support of Tuskegee Airmen who were a group of 1000 African-America military pilots. In June 1944, the US and the British troops landed their paratroopers in Normandy, France to drive back the German military and were known as the D-Day Invasion.

1302 Test 4 “Rosie the Riveter”  6.5 million women at work in W.W. II helping military (clerks, drivers, cooks, etc.) Another 13 million women worked in factories Women in W.W.II  Women in W.W.II ...

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