Solution
Robert answered on
Dec 21 2021
Waste water treatment plant
Wastewater treatment plant
A report based on Australian condition
Date:
Name:
Number:
Table of contents:
Items
Page No.
Introduction ---------------------------------------------- 3
Body of content ----------------------------------------- 4
Summary and conclusion ------------------------------ 11
Reference ------------------------------------------------ 12
Introduction:
Sanitation field is an important and essential factor for healthy and wealthy country. It seems to live the life of an orphan in many countries. In many countries the public health issue arises because of poor water supply systems or due to wastage of water. This is because of ignorance of the downstream effect of improved water supply, which has been an increase, the discharges into rivers. There are basically two reasons behind this wastage of water first are wastewater collection and its costly treatment that shows fewer benefits and second project does not deliver the expected outcome even if the cost of the project is less.
Wastewater is that water which is discharged from a wastewater treatment facility. It is discharged by reducing its nutrient and bio-chemical load. In wastewater there are 1% dissolved materials and 99.9% water. Every day from household toilets, showers, sinks more than half of the fresh water convert into waste water. In Australia especially in South Australia there have been various projects established to reuse the wastewater and to recycle it. This step is taken for economic and environmental reasons. Wastewater treatment plant can mean one of the following:
· Sewage treatment – treatment and disposal of human waste.
· Agricultural wastewater treatment – treatment of pesticide residue and dispose of liquid animal waste.
· Industrial wastewater treatment –treatment of wet wastes from manufacturing industry.
Purpose of the project:
The main purpose of the project is to identify:
· Cu
ent problem due to wastewater disposal
· Cu
ent wastewater disposal and treatment techniques
· Short term and long term environmental issues due to wastewate
· Ongoing project for wastewater and sanitation initiatives
· Possible project implementation techniques
· Environmental issues that may affect communities
· Safety requirements act for wastewater and government views
Wastewater treatment
The wastewater treatment process is a complex, costly, time consuming and a large operation it is one of that important project that is essential to protect environment, economy, health, and the quality of life in Australia. In Adelaide there are three wastewater plants at Christies Beach, Glenelg and Bolivar. There was another 20 regional wastewater treatment plant in the state that treats about 100 billion liters of wastewater per year. Wastewater transported through more than 400,000 homes and businesses that serve more than one million people of the state. It is transported via the SA Water network of sewer pipes. Wastewater treatment is a process of removing contaminants from wastewater. This process includes biological, chemical and physical treatment to remove contaminants. The main objective behind Wastewater treatment is to produce solid and purified water and discharge it back into the environment. It is also very beneficial for economic point of view. Pumping back this refined water will help in balancing the natural resources and also help in increasing the use of those waters that are just thrown away.
Body of report:
Environmental Impact Mitigation:
Wastewater treatment plant helps us in maximizing the use of available natural resources that is wastewater. Through this optimum use of water can be obtained and discharging of this purified water will also help in maintaining equili
ium. It will be a great contribution towards the welfare of human being by providing maximum water. A continuous up gradation of this will help in maintaining environmental issue that arises due to sewage, wastage of water, etc. these kinds of waste waters also affects our soil and decreases its fertility. Better engineering Solutions in this field such as Water Treatment, Disposal System, Solid Waste Management, and Air Pollution Control will provide a balanced flow of water in every state of Australia.
Water shortage and degrading catchments are the biggest environmental issues that affect almost every nation. Wastewater treatment plant is a valuable aspect but to develop this we need to very careful about environmental factors, its contamination, some environmental fears and risks. This project needs comprehensive knowledge and various tools and techniques (engineering solutions). Over-extraction of fresh water will lead to degradation of rivers, aquifers and lakes. So it is very essential to safeguard our rivers lakes and by wastage water treatment plant water reuse can be easily done. It helps in reserving fresh water and also the soil. According to the water stress index i.e. the ratio of a country’s total water withdrawal to its total renewable freshwater resources, about half of the countries of Europe are under water stress (Bixio 2005). So the challenge that a society will face is to meet with the demand of water which will not further degrade the integrity of the environment. The major environmental mitigation of developing waste water treatment plant is a reduction in water pollution, received by discharge of sewage. Reduction in volume of discharges, sewage will help in making clean environment. It also helps in the soil restoring which lose their fertility due to extra usage of water and sewage, Industrial wastewater etc. Soil structure is the a
angement of the solid particles of the soil and the pores which located between them. It depends upon the frequency of rain, the water abso
ing capacity of the soil, the average temperature and humidity of the place, water and other particles present in the atmosphere. If there is a regular flow of polluted water, it flowed out from the surface and loses its fertility. The logical system sequence will be to make the soil fertile with the available resources and that the fertility can be increased in the same set of conditions. Fertility describes the capacity and potential of soil to grow the crops. There are some methods through which we can maintain the soil structures. Soil contains some organic materials and its proportion can be increased by adding manure, compost. We can manage the acidity of soil by minimizing water wastage which contains various contaminated compounds. Through water wastage treatment plant we will be able to purify the water and it also prevents in polluting soils.
Hazard Impact Mitigation:
FEMA adopted the four phases of emergency management —mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. In all these phases Hazard mitigation takes first place before disasters. FEMA’s (1999, p. 1-1) Hazard Mitigation Grant Program Desk Reference defines mitigation as “any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to people and property from natural hazards and their effects”. The water wastage treatment plant will help in minimizing the risk from wastage of water, flood etc. We know that soil structure depends on what the soil made up from. Only 50 percent of the soil is solid materials rest is pores. Portion of water has been already very high. If the wastage of water will be continue the whole earth will convert into the water. These kinds of projects will help in balancing and maintaining the equili
ium.
FEMA’s independent study course on hazard mitigation (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1998a) lists emergency services and public information as mitigation measures along with more logical candidates such as flood. DMA 2000 directed FEMA to inform all local governments to establish mitigation plans. For all these reasons hazard mitigation plans need to develop. This plan will work as a comprehensive plan if there is any kind of scarcity of pure water in the society and economy. This project will work as a product that is designed to help communities. It can be utilized when some change occu
ed in the economy. This project (as a comprehensive plan) will be developed after a community assessment through its history, economic condition, geography, demography, transportation, environmental protection, housing and land used in practice. A hazard mitigation plan will be based on the hazard analysis that is either in the scarcity of water or in the heavy flow of water that is flooding.
Federal government tries to reduce losses due to any kind of disaster by reducing hazards exposure but they do not have constitutional authority to intervene the local land. Due to this congress provide a legal ground through federal government directly intervene in local land and help in preventing any kind of disaster and building construction practices by passing the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act of 1988. Under Section 409 of this act, states were required to prepare and update state hazard mitigation plans within six months of a Presidential Disaster Declaration as a condition for receiving federal disaster assistance. Section 404 of the Stafford Act grants post disaster hazard mitigation projects. An amendment is made in Stafford Act by implementing The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (also known as DMA2K). The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 implemented a new Section 322 by replacing the old one in Section 409 for mitigation planning requirements. According to this new act of DMA2K every state must qualify for disaster assistance and require one of two levels of hazard mitigation plan—standard or enhanced. Before starting the project and developing hazard mitigation we have to analyze every aspect of these laws and verify its impact then only we can move to develop in water wastage treatment plant.
EIA (environmental impact...