Operation “Remote Location” NEC2104 Engineering Surveying XXXXXXXXXXAssignment Assignment – Blocks 1 to 3, 2019 Introduction This Assignment is due in Session 10 workshop and carries a weighting of...

Assignment Report
Abstract
This assignment report is about the Equipments used in the Surveying. This report explores the various equipment used in the surveying of a land like GNSS, Total station, Levels etc. then this report explores how these instrument are used and how to cali
ate them. Further more this study will go into deeper study of the these surveying instruments like how these instruments work on site, how much accuracy they give , personnel required for operating these instruments and how to cali
ate them. This will make students to better understand these surveying techniques and reduces e
or during surveying.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Abstract    1
Chapter 1 GNSS    4
Introduction    4
Equipment Details    4
Equipment cali
ations    5
Data collection    5
Chapter 2 Total stations    7
Introduction    7
Equipment Details    7
Specifications    8
Cali
ations    8
Data collections    9
Chapter 3 Levels    9
Introduction    9
Equipment Details:    9
Dumpy level    9
Tilting level    10
Auto level    10
Specifications    11
Dumpy level    11
Auto-level    11
Tilting level    12
Cali
ations    12
Data Collections    12
List of figures
Figure 1 GPS Receiver    5
Figure 2 Different parts of total station    7
Figure 3 showing dumpy level    9
Figure 4 showing tilting level    10
Figure 5 showing auto level    10
1. GNSS
Introduction
A system of satellite which is utilized to pinpoint the geographic area of a user's collector anyplace on the planet. Now in the task Two GNSS systems: the United States' Global Positioning System (GPS) and the another one is Russian Federation's Global O
iting Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS). A third, Europe's Galileo, is achieved which is full operational limit in 2008 yet it isn't that famous. Every one of this GNSS frameworks makes utilization of a group of stars of o
iting satellites working related to a ground stations. The mostly used in the united states GPS.
Frameworks of Satellite-based route is usually make use of technique known as triangulation to find the user's locations, through computations of data obtained from various satellites. Each satellite works to send the coded signals at exact intervals. The receiver changes signal data into speed, position, and time gauges. With the help of this obtained data, Every users on or close to the earth's surface can compute the perfect position of the transmitting satellite and the distance between it and the recipient. coordinating cu
ent signal information from minimum 4 satellites enabling user to decide the exact position.
Equipment Details
Surveying needs GPS receivers which are generally more sophisticated and costlier than those which are available for everyday use. They are able to work on two radio frequencies. The physical shape and Gps hardware are so made that they are highly mobile and perform complex calculation. High-quality antenna is there for these receivers.
Two survey-quality GPS receivers are needed a gps device, with one located at each end of the line to be measured. They get data from the two satellites and perform calculation. After joining the data from the two satellites , the difference in position ( Longitude ,latitude and Height) between theose two points is computed using a software.
The precision obtained from this method of surveying directly depends for how much time the observations are taken, but it is 1 part per million (1 mm/km) so a difference in location can be found over 30 km with 30 mm e
or, or about 100 mm over 100 kilometres.
Figure 1 GPS Receive
Equipment cali
ations
The GNSS device give accurate results. They are pre-cali
ated devices. Generally most of the surveying methods actually produce more than the base number of observations expected for the calculations of positions. When more than one set of data is recorded. The means set of data is find out by the method of least squares this will reduce the e
ors and improve accuracy of Data collected.
Continuous stations These stations are working continuously for long-term or may be permanent GNSS station installations having non-mobile documentation and continuous/sustainable power, and often have data telemetry. This may be a previously existing base stations in campaign surveys (rapid, static, and kinematic).
Static surveys these surveys are performed at regional level, sub-cm survey precision GNSS surveys with very high portable equipment and these may be useful for crustal deformation surveys. This survey procedure generally occupying every point for various days to get the highest possible accuracy. Collection of data done for at least 6 hours of and repeated benchmark occupations if required.
Rapid static surveys These surveys are static surveys with very less time for doing survey at every point to resolve the ca
ier phase integer e
or. A general rule is to fetch data for at least of 10 minutes per point, then addition of 1 minute of instrument adjusting time per km of baseline length over every 10 kilometers. For e.g., for an eight-km baseline fetch at minimum of data for 10 mins, and for a 28-km baseline fetch data for minimum of 28 minutes.
Kinematic surveys These are local surveys ( generally less than 10 km) with the help of a GNSS equipment (Mobile) for the intention of getting the features or of desired point locations where various cm of precision will be sufficient. For this procedure minimum of two receiver set-ups are needed: a base ( which is stationary) unit and one or more rover (which is mobile) units. These surveys depends on continuous location tracking to solve the e
or; on the other hand the rover receive
antenna may be move during the survey procedure, location locking should be done
Post-processing kinematic (PPK) These surveys refers to surveys which are accomplished without any communication among the base and rover receivers. For Processing the captured data continuous data recording is required. Generally There is no navigational capabilities in these surveys.
Real-time kinematic (RTK) These type of surveys refers to surveys in which...