Index. ECC Number Title of Engineering Competency Claim Page EA3 Responsibility for engineering activities 2 EA5 Engage with the relevant community and stakeholders 3 EA6 Identify, assess, and manage...

Index.
    ECC
Numbe
    Title of Engineering Competency Claim
    Page
    EA3
    Responsibility for engineering activities
    2
    EA5
    Engage with the relevant community and stakeholders
    3
    EA6
    Identify, assess, and manage risks
    4
    EA7
    Meet Legal and Regulatory Requirements
    5
    EA9
    Performance Success is benchmarked
    6
    EA10
    Taking action is demonstrated
    7
    EA11
    Judgement is demonstrated
    8
    EA13
    Local engineering knowledge is demonstrated
    9
    
    
2
ENGINEERING COMPETENCY CLAIMS
EA6 – Identify, assess, and manage risks
    Engineering Competency Claim: EA6 – Identify, assess and manage risks
    Competency Element Claimed
    Title (if applicable): Systems Manager, Murlo Rest Area (as Project Engineer)
    
    (6.1) I prepared the PMP which included WHS, Quality, Environmental and Risk management. The risk assessment was done by consulting relevant employees, sub-contractors and stakeholders. The assessment in the register as Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Control (HIRAC) contained the engineering activity, potential hazard, risk type, untreated risk level, controls & mitigation, residual risk rating and responsibility. The risk register was reviewed on a monthly basis to see if any update was required. The risk was considered in but not limited in managing Safety In Design, Plant & Machine, installation, hazardous substance assessment, site conditions etc.
(6.2) In the capacity of organisation systems manager, I established the audit program to ensure the systems and sub systems are routinely audited to verify that but not limited to systems and activities being ca
ied out to comply with planned a
angements, implemented and maintained as per requirements, are effectively contributing to the effectiveness of the system etc. The audit program was based on the business and project level risks and the results were documented in the audit schedule ensuring at least scope, frequency, method, training requirements, responsibilities etc. I conducted the planned audit with frequency including system elements, procedure, processes, expected date with nominated auditor including site checks.
(6.3) Murlo Rest Area project was very challenging as this project was chosen by Office of Federal Government Commission (OFSC) for safety as part of their issuance of Federal Safety Certificate which was ultimately won under my systems management. My systems to the project specific requirements were written by me based on my experience with previous auditors also to comply to the OFSC requirements. In accordance to New South Wales (NSW) state Government, this project also required a routing report on quality, safety, cost claim and environmental management. I effectively managed to claim the targeted monthly cost and reported the project future monthly claim which was essential client requirement. I did this using a spreadsheet with info graphics, previous claim cu
ent claim, remaining claim as part of contract management. I reported to client with monthly construction program of targeted activities under each categorical element and as required with constraints of change, weather impact etc. All work activities were delivered in accordance to NSW Roads and Maritime standards for product & design standards other than the project designs. The engineering specification was already set in the tender process prior to winning the project. The compliance to specification and materials conformance were maintained after seeking approval from client as part of the PMP and all the documents as mentioned in EA3.
    
    
    
    
    
    Remaining 50% of this ECC to be continued….
EA 6.1, 6.2, 6.4 & 6.5 requires an additional practical demonstration - See APPNEDIX 1
    
    
Signature of Candidate:
    
Candidate’s Verifie
s Name: __________________________________
Engineering Qualifications: (or Engineers Australia Membership Number): ____________
I verify that the above na
ative is a true account of the candidates own work
Signature:
EA13 – Local engineering knowledge is demonstrated
    Engineering Competency Claim: EA13 – Local engineering knowledge is demonstrated
    Competency Element Claimed
    Title (if applicable): Project Engineer, Moncrieff East Estate Stage 2
    
    (13.1) I did apply the local engineering knowledge both with in ACT and outside the te
itory. In this project, I applied the contract technical exceptional clause specification in conjunction with SSUIW specification of ACT. The technical exceptional clause was additional and some replacement to SSUIW for activities as shown as example in EA 7.2. (a) To elaborate more, the field tests that were ca
ied on base compaction was safely tested in a laboratory through a laboratory. The laboratory conducted the tests safely through their automated compactors in accordance to ISO/IEC 17025 as per National Association of testing Authorities (NATA), Australia and ensured the key results Maximum Modified Dry Density confirms the minimum percentage of set result which is 98% is achieved including other data such as moisture, wet/dry etc. Similarly, California Bearing Ration (CBR) of soil and compressive test of concrete were conducted. (b) For the most precise level achievement, we used SITECH GPS in the excavators and graders. These GPS were periodically cali
ated with certification. Similarly, the construction plant & machinery were periodically maintained. (c) As explained in EA 3.1, quality management systems were in place in accordance of ISO 9001. The associated records were maintained and for continuous improvement, a non-conformance report was maintained to record the non-compliance and co
ective action.
(13.2) Environmental management as planned in CEMP, the ACT Government’s approval was required on proposed plan if the area of project is more than 2.5 hectares. The plan I showed not limited to erosion controls, stockpile, tree protection, sediment pond management etc in accordance to authority which was managed under ISO 14001
(13.3) I prepared the CEMP outlining the environmental management systems that will be used in the project with the aim to provide effective management with responsible persons by providing a set of procedure to minimise potential impact. The existing CEMP system was updated based on the project specific, nature of project, results of the environmental risk and based on the changes as required by authority. The organisation was required to hold a valid Environmental Protection Agreement. Where required, water way licence was required to obtain if the works were ca
ied adjacent to water way and design professional design submission was applicable
    
    Remaining 50% of this ECC to be continued….
    
    
    
    
    
    
Signature of Candidate:
    
Candidate’s Verifie
s Name: __________________________________
Engineering Qualifications: (or Engineers Australia Membership Number): ____________
I verify that the above na
ative is a true account of the candidates own work
Signature:
Future Project thesis & research: RECYCLED CONCRETE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE (RCRCS)
APPENDIX 1 – EA6.1, 6.2, 6.4 & 6.5
Appendix 1 is written as part of literature review for the project topic which was developed in ENG8300
RECYCLED CONCRETE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE (RCRCS)
To source the recycled products, it is important to find the selective demolition. As the industries of construction and demolition still see as a debatable due to economic benefits and customers may have concern about the quality. There is uncertainty to its environmental benefits. There is a lack of standards due non testing on products used in Recycled Concrete (RC). There is a concern of supply due to lack of required quantity. It is unclear whether the authorities may have environmental concerns. Recycled Aggregate (RA) sourced from Construction & Demolition Waste (CDW) will have high potential value as recycling industries are aware and they are imposing a very strict control procedures to remove the amount of contaminations. There are several studies on RA usage in concrete and mortar which needs to be industrial practice through the local authorities’ regulation. RA are sourced from the sites of demolition which is crushed where recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) can be produced. Similarly, Recycled Masonry Aggregate (RMA) can be produced from building waste such as ceramic
icks, blocks. However, there is a risk of contaminants from demolition sites which can contain asphalt, plastic, metals, wood, soil, glass etc. The presence of theses contaminants is due to lack of segregation during the waste disposal. The chemical contents such as chloride, alkali may also be present in the waste concrete. Above, the selection of demolition is important for identification of material. The Project Management Plan (PMP) with associated Quality Assurance (QA) templates is to be implemented. The PMP must contain the QA policy, roles & responsibilities of persons, production control systems, Non-Conformance Report (NCR), Inspection Test Plan (ITP), checklists, testing requirements and audit schedule. The QA templates are to be controlled with document numbers. Example of QA templates are register of source of demolition waste, quantity received, contaminants & percentage in demolition waste, quantity of residual waste that is ready for crushing, other waste management records etc. The Work Health & Safety (WHS) plan must be in place as safety of all is main priority. The WHS plan must demonstrate safe operations of recycling facility and a daily control. The risk must be identified in the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Control register of possible hazard, likelihood, consequence, control. The possible hazard are non-conforming properties, chemical, density, environmental etc. The Recycling must have procedure to be in place to sort out the contaminants. Depending on the crushing procedure, the contents of materials such as concrete,
ick, etc may change which varies the physical properties. Silva’s literature review only shows the contents and procedure but not how to treat the deficiencies. Hence the sieve analysis test to be done. For a water cement ration, increasing the cement in concrete mix will lead to constant compressive strength. A random statistical analysis must be done on various dried density such as water absorption, oven dried density etc. Water absorption of RA found higher than natural aggregates due to existing mortar content which needs to effectively be treated in the mix design. The report of Ajdukiewicz & Kliszczewicz (2002) that properties of the natural concrete will impact the mechanical properties of RA concrete where it is potential to obtain recycled concrete with greater compressive strength than the original. The density of recycled concrete was different to natural concrete to RA as per Topcu & Gunan (1995) when conducted the experiment. Rakshvir M and Barai SV 2006 concludes RA water absorption and decreased density resulted in the decreased compressive strength than natural concrete strength although the grading of aggregate was maintained constant. This is not important when used for walls or suspended slab. The RA concrete can also be used in the place where no fine concrete is required to be poured over underground subsoil drainage. The effect of RA can be reduced by 30% replacement with fresh coarse aggregate and by increasing the cement. If the pre-soaking the RA is done, the feasibility of recycled concrete will be more for structural purposes. Using the plasticizer will also reduce the volume of voids which will provide improved mechanical properties. The use of RA concrete showed the suitability when behaviour of beam-column joints made of RA under cyclic loading as per Valeria Corinaldesi. The control measures of treating the RA with secondary option of soaking and using the plasticizer appeared the best treatment to use the recycled concrete with RA.
The overview of Revilla-Cuesta mentions that self-compacting of recycled concrete is widely accepted although the investigations are still undergoing. The conclusion of Rakshvir M and Barai SV 2006 can be ove
uled Revilla-Cuesta states that results of RA incorporation can produce the self-compacting recycled concrete based on careful design and the Abstract of their literature mentions as below.
Research is presented into recycled concrete aggregate properties and the mix-design of the self-compacting concretes that contain them, as well as relevant results on the fresh state (workability, rheology), the hardened state (compressive strength, splitting tensile and flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, density, and porosity), durability (resistance to aggressive agents), long-term properties of concrete (shrinkage, creep), and structural elements manufactured with self-compacting concrete containing recycled concrete aggregate.
The Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) has only been recently studies. The regular audit trial is required to check the quality records of the recycled concrete to meet the satisfaction of the conformance. The minimum audit criteria required is process, quality records of crushed aggregates and any treatment, shrinkage, and compressive strength. There many certified recycling plan and recycled concrete is already used that meets standard in Spanish regulation as per ministry of development, Spanish Government 2010. Similarly, used in Italy per ministry of development, Italy Government 2018. To effectively manage the HIRAC is very vital prior to the process RC. The risk register should initially focus on hazard, consequence, untreated risk level, control measures and residual risk. The likelihood of the risk may not be that important. For explanation, the hazards I chose is SCC where the mechanical properties of SCC will have high sensitivity to dosage changes. So, decrease in water cement (w/c) ratio can compensate effect of NA. The untreated risk level is 4 and post control measure residual risk is 1. All the other hazards such as properties, shrinkage, salt content, density, slump etc to have risk control measures which will help the production process. The multiple use of RA in concrete generally don’t have effect on mechanical and physical properties.
Concrete
Concrete represents compound form of material that is used across numerous buildings, chiefly in case of multi-storey buildings. In effect, cement represents the material which requires between 1 metric ton and 1.5 metric ton in lime, requiring significant amount in energy with respect to production, in the range of ~4000 MJ per metric ton as well as releases between 0.8 metric ton and 2 metric ton in ca
on dioxide over to atmosphere for producing the required clinker (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). Buildings can be noted to be made using reinforced concrete structure that shall be demolished during end of the lifecycle as well as the pertinent residues shall usually get sent to that of nea
y landfills. I
espective of the same, all of the overall concrete mass shall get treated to be waste and can get incorporated as newer concretes as that of aggregate forms. The other issue which shall aid in the increasing of recycling aggregate shall be the overall challenge that lies in finding the natural aggregates in the local area. The higher levels of price pertaining to natural form of aggregates that shall contribute towards increasing of concrete price as well as decreasing of materials resources that shall be available to subsequent generations (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). The transportation concerning these aggregates represent an issue with respect to costs as well, as aggregates can be noted to be heavier as well as lower-price products.
Recycled Concrete
Natural form of aggregates can be noted to be products which has been made using sand as well as crushed stones, and the recycling concrete aggregates can be noted to be made chiefly using crushed concrete as well as asphalt pavements. As per the studies in this context, natural form of aggregates shall co
espond to the extent of 36 per cent in overall raw materials that is produced across United States started from 1900. In this context, there can noted to be growth at a production level over six decades, which increased the proportion of natural aggregates up to 70% respect to the total raw materials (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). After these years, overall percentage in natural aggregates shall be higher as well as less steady, spanning around 70 per cent and 73 per cent concerning all of the demand concerning raw materials.
Aggregates can be noted in being materials that are widely used across the globe, as these can be noted to be available across most of the sites at a global level, that makes their respective price to be very low. In the case of United States alone, ~3,000 millions of metric tons can be noted to be extracted in terms of fine as well as coarse aggregates each year (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). There are has been studies being undertaken with respect to the applications concerning recycled aggregates as a concrete form over the ways for diminishing of environmental impacts that has been caused on account of natural form of aggregate extraction, on account of enormous levels of quantity in natural aggregate that are employed across buildings construction. In the normal extent, decision for sending demolition as well as construction wastes to landfills or else to that of recycling plant which has the responsibility for the firm that is contracted for demolishing these buildings (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). In the stated case, it can be noted that studies are undertaken by companies with respect to economic aspects as well as local laws. Studies in this context also argue in that market for recycled aggregates across United States co
esponded to 5 per cent in terms of overall aggregates market specific to the country as well as getting used across lower cost applications. In this context, one amongst the causes with respect to the lower level percentage represents the fact in that the recycled form of aggregates in construction as well as demolition wastes shall not possess uniform quality. On account of the same, test results could end up highly different, and the same decreases overall confidence pertaining to engineers as well as architects to use recycled form of aggregates (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). Many researches, however, can be noted in having made across the said area for creating standards as well as recommendations in terms of aim for encouraging the overall use pertaining to recycled aggregates.
Certain limitations that can be used to employ recycled aggregates shall be in terms of transport, overall quality pertaining to aggregates as well as availability of the raw materials that in the stated case shall be buildings as well as highways which shall get demolished (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). The overall cost for transportation needs to be lower as well as overall demand concerning demolishing structures need to guarantee constant levels of supply with respect to aggregates as well as forcing the market for staying across larger-sized cities. The overall growth in u
anization, chiefly after second world war having created greater levels of demand with respect to newer buildings as well as overall demand in terms of natural aggregates as well. In the present context, these stated buildings fail to comply with newer standards as well as many shall be demolished for taking place for newer ones. Hence, large cities at present shall get converted as that of u
an deposits in recycled aggregates. Overall production with respect to recycled aggregates across United States can be noted to be in the range of ~140 million in metric tons each year, and the same co
esponds as 5 per cent in overall aggregate market (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). Machinery that is used normally with respect to natural form of aggregates transformation could never get used with respect to recycled aggregates on account of metal content within concrete, as well as metal shall get sorted by way of aggregates. Concretes which shall get recycled will be sorted previously for removing products that shall not be masonry or else concrete at the site of building. From the stated juncture, there shall fundamentally be two key methods for obtaining recycled aggregates using concrete. One approach shall be the crushing of concrete in the re-cycling plant facility, and other one being using mobile plant. Both these methods in essence employs, at a fundamental level, same procedures.
The overall quality pertaining to materials that a
ives in recycling facilities shall be part which recyclers possess little or else scarce amount of control, on account of wide-ranging variety with respect to materials transported using varied set of sources. Both construction as well as demolition waste comprise non-metallic form of materials, like that of plastic as well as wood, and the need to be suitably collected. Energy types that are employed for processing as well as transporting of recycled aggregates can be noted to be diesel as well as electricity. The studies in this context have estimated in that energy shall be essential for the purposes of processing single metric ton in concrete to that of recycled aggregates being 34 MJ, with respect to processing of single metric ton in recycled asphalt aggregates needing 16.5 MJ as well as in processing single metric ton in natural aggregates shall be 5.8 MJ (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013). Higher differences with respect to energy consumption in-between recycled as well as natural aggregates shall be chiefly on account of labour to identify as well as remove the materials akin to glass, plastic and wood using construction as well as demolition wastes to undertake additional processing. Energy values with respect to transport can be noted to be 2.7 MJ per metric ton-kilometre with respect to fine aggregates as well as 3.8 MJ per metric ton-kilometre with respect to recycled as well as coarse aggregates (Knaack and Kurama 2015; Kang et al. 2014; Arezoumandi et al. 2015; Akca et al. 2015; Surya et al. 2013).
CO2 Ca
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