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Commercial Building construction with parking facility
Commercial Building Construction
With parking facility
Student’s Name
Course Number (ORG500) – Name of Course (Foundations of Effective Management)
Colorado State University – Global Campus
Instructor’s Name
August 6, 2010
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction    4
Chapter 2    6
Chapter 3    8
Chapter 4    10
Chapter 5    12
Chapter 6    14
Chapter 7    16
Chapter 8    18
Conclusion    20
References    21
List of figures
Figure 1 showing pile foundation where pile cap is joined formed to a matt foundation    3
Figure 2 image showing column reinforcements    4
Figure 3 showing monolithic beam slabs    4
Figure 4 showing support
acing for the soil    6
Figure 5 showing pile foundation    7
Figure 6 showing formwork used while constructing column    10
Figure 7 showing slump cone: slump measuring apparatus    11
Figure 8 showing masonry partitions walls    12
Figure 9 showing different mortar mix ratios    13
Figure 10 showing top roof of the building made with steel structures    14
Figure 11 showing differences in flexible pavement and rigid pavement    16
Figure 12 showing load distribution in flexible pavement    16
Figure 13 showing factor of safety for different limit states    19
Introduction
· The project chosen for this project is the construction of commercial building that with parking facility at its basement.
The commercial building is a G+5 storey building. Also a parking facility is constructed at its basement. The length of the building is 50 feet and width of the building is 40 feet and also the height of the building is 75 feet. Building have 50 shops and co
idor like facility in front of these building to avoid congestion during the peak hours. A lift facility and staircase are also made to be available in the building.
    S.No.
    Rooms along
    Length (ft)
    Width(ft)
    Height(ft)
    1
    length
    10
    20
    12
    2
    length
    10
    20
    12
    3
    length
    10
    20
    12
    4
    length
    10
    20
    12
    5
    length
    10
    20
    12
Similar rooms are one on the other side. A 20 feet space is left between them for staircase and co
idor. There total of 10 rooms/stores on the single floor.
Scope:
The scope of the project is not limited to construction of the simple concrete frame structure although it goes beyond it. It in includes soil investigation below the expected building, estimating its bearing capacity, finding suitable method for increasing the bearing capacity of it so that it can withstand the load of the super structure. The scope further goes to the steel and wood work in the window and doors. The steel work required in the railing on one side of the staircase.
Objective:
The objective of the project is the to investigate the soil present on project site , analyses the soil, explain the methods adopted for the construction of this type of building and describe effect of masonry work on the project with wood and steel work.
Construction methods adopted:
The construction method adopted for the construction of the building with the latest technologies cu
ently present. The design of the building is completed considering both the limit state of collapse and limit state of serviceability.
The construction wok can be divided on the various parts like
Construction of foundation
The required foundation for the building is a shallow foundation specifically matt foundation. We chose matt foundation for the building because the area covered in the spread foundation is more than 50% of the foundation area so matt foundation is prefe
ed. There are various advantage for prefe
ing matt foundation over spread foundation because the saving in the cost, reduced differential settlements and high stability of the building. (Tom, 2018)
Figure 1 showing pile foundation where pile cap is joined formed to a matt foundation
Construction of columns
The columns for the building are constructed on site at specified location of building. The reinforcement used for the construction of columns should not below fe415 grade. (A Linda, 2014) the columns work as medium to transfer the vertical load of the floor to the foundation and this foundation transfers this load to the ground safely.
Figure 2 image showing column reinforcements
Construction of slabs/ beams
The beams construction is monolithic with the slab. They are designed and constructed simultaneously so that no crack develops between them. (A. Borgel, 2017)
Figure 3 showing monolithic beam slabs
· The soil investigation performed on site provide the actual information beneath the ground and sub-strata conditions can only be analyzed by soil exploration for the proposed development. In order to analyze the sub-strata conditions three number of holes are drilled at the proposed construction site. The sub strata soil is ca
ied out with the help of core drillers. This method of core drilling consist of core ba
els with diamond bits. A solid rock core is formed inside the cylinder is taken out without jerk. Hence in this method samples obtained are with least distu
ance. One trial pit was excavated on the project site with the help of excavating machinery . the exposed subsoil were investigated. The soil was found to be of volcanic origin formed by series of several ballistic rock of volcanic activities. The upper portion of soil is transported hilly washes. Below this layer the alluvial deposits came into picture. In
oad way this type of soil structure have high bearing capacity.
· The top 15 m soil layer is found to be peat. This portion of soil consist of large amount of humus and this soil also have low bearing capacity and high compressibility. After this portion of soil the large portion of found to be clayey sand. This type of soil have good bearing capacity. The rock portion beneath the soil is the volcanic soil. Some portion of the soil consist of the swelling clay.
· The clay present in this type of soil gives rise to poor drainage condition. Due to poor drainage condition certain depth of soil gives rise to large settlement can occur differential settlement in the structure. (Silverstien, 2013) Swelling clay present in some portion of the ground beneath the marked structure. This type of clay highly susceptible of swelling and shrinkage on moisture change in the soil. This can lead to differential settlement in the structure. These challenges occu
ed due to the presence of clay can be overcome by the properly consolidating the solid beneath the foundation and this can be done with the help of sheep foot roller. Sheep foot roller applies high pressure at certain small areas in the soil foundation and helps to dissipate excess pore water pressure. The next challenge of differential settlement of the structure can be over can by adopting pile foundation for the structure and with large pile cap. (M. henry, 2011) This large size of pile cap helps to reduce the differential settlements in the structure.
· First 10m of foundation soil is excavated with the help of
acing alongside. These
acing helps to resist the active pressure applied by the soil. Theses
acing retain the soil in its place with large distu
ance. These
acing are flat square plate like structure having a large wooded square strut like structure which is connected to the middle of the
acing and it resist on the ground. After excavation of the foundation soil. The drilling of pile holes should be started. There drilling of hole should be with the help of drilling bit. The drilling bit is connected to drilling machine and bentonite is allow to pour into the pile hole. This bentonite helps to retain the soil alongside the drilled pile hole on its place. After drilling is complete the pile cage is prepare and placed inside the drilled hole and suitable high strength concrete is poured into the drilled hole.
Figure 4 showing support
acing for the soil
· The type of foundation used is deep foundation specifically pile foundation. A deep foundation is type of foundation which transfers the superstructure load safely to the hard strata which deep below the ground surface. The pile can seen as a vertical long shaft made of concrete, time or steel (depending on the suitability of the use) driven deep inside the ground surface to transfer the load to hard strata. The pile foundation resist the superstructure load in two ways. The first way is the resistance by point bearing and other is the skin friction. The point bearing is the direct transfer of the vertical superstructure load to the hard strata while the skin friction is the upward force generated due to the friction between pile and the su
ounding soil. The pile foundation system used because it makes the structure earthquake resistant and the due to the presence of clay the use of pile foundation becomes a need. (Tishchler, 2017) If there is need in the increase in the height of structure in the future then the height of the structure can be increased as per the required. That’s why this type of foundation is selected.
Figure 5 showing pile foundation
· Heavy timber can be considered as light frame structure but the fact that they use larger wood members or may be in some structures they can be used in the construction of structure elements. Unlike the light timer framed structures there are two types of connections methodologies that are to be used in joining them. Mortise and tenon joinery or modern metal or wood connections are way to joining them with each other. (Alexandru Pirjan, 2013) In Traditional mortise and tenon joinery the two pieces of timber are shaped in such a way that...