I like to have around 4000 word project report abouttelecommunication with respect to smartphonesinclude 1-talk about telecommunication in general ,include network(e.g 3G ,4G ,GBS ,SIM CARD and how...

Review on Telecommunication
In the recent trends Telecommunication is very popular due to reason of its vast use .In this paper
we are taking about the telecommunication technology and different aspects of
telecommunication. We are giving
ief over view of telecommunication and there network
,PSTN,GSM,GPRS , and discuss various technology or network like 3G,4G . In this paper we
iefly discuss the network functionality and how they works and their standards. We also
discuss about the way to remotely access the system ,
iefly discuss the different software that
help to remotely access the devices and the last but not least most important technology that is
SIMCARD, that is most important technologies for telecommunication sector due the reason of
the secure connection between the user .
Tele(far)communication means communication between the person without thinking how much
far they are with the help of device transceiver . A complete single telecommunication circuit
etween two station and both equipped with receiver and transmitter .transceiver is combination
of receiver and transmitter. Telecommunication simplest form done between two stations.
Telecommunication network works, when multiple transmitting and receiving station to
exchange data among them .The internet is best and largest telecommunication example.
Function of Telecommunication
Telecommunication main role and functionality is facilitate the exchange the information or
communication at a distance between users, with the help of satellites or computers.
In telecommunication satellites play a role for the communication .A satellites system mainly
working with the help of space segment and a ground segment both satellite have transmitters,
antenna, amplifier, and power generators. The space segment classified into geostationary o
it
(GSO) and low earth o
it(LEO) satellites. The GSO is 35,786 km above the equator.it
A satellite system consists of a space segment and a ground segment both
constituting: transmitters, antenna, amplifier, and power generators. The space
segment is composed of satellites, which may be classified into geostationary o
it
(GSO) and low earth o
it (LEO) satellites. The GSO is 35,786 km above the equator, works
synchronized with the Earth’s rotation .LEO satellites are situated 3000 km above the earth
surface.
Maximum communication satellites are located in GSO o
it.The difference between GSO and
LEO satellites antenna . GSO satellite antenna having wider range and transmission power is
high and .LEO satellite antenna benefits is
oadcasting .The frequency range for satellite
communication is very limited. The satellite and there frequency follows the international
agreement Due to reason of this, Spectrum has used is very efficiently .Assign the frequency for
different wireless regulated by International Telecommunication Union body,
The frequency range available for satellite communications services is limited,
and regulated by international agreements[11]. For this reason, the spectrum has to be
used in a highly efficient manner. Frequency assignment for different wireless
frequency bands used in communication satellites:
A. L-band (1 -2 Giga Hz)
B. C-band 4-8 Giga Hz)
C. Ku-band (12-18 Giga Hz)
D. Ka-band (18-40 Giga Hz)
With this
ief information provide the information about the satellite and functionality of
satellite. The main is frequency distribution and there are number of band those provide
the functionality of data transfer and communication.
For the normal / small scale follows
WAN (Corporate and academic wide area network)
Telephone networks
Taxicab dispatch Network
Police and fire communication network
Group of amateur radio operator
In telecommunication Data transfer moves from one station to another in the form electrical
signal or ca
ier or ca
ier wave. Modulation process is require to convey ca
ier information
.In Modulation signal in two form analog or digital . In telecommunication sector when a
network have one transmitter station and multiple receive station this type of network is
called
oadcast network example of
oadcast is television and radio station
In some contexts, a
oadcast network, consisting of a single transmitting station and multiple
eceive-only stations, is considered a form of telecommunications. Radio and television
oadcasting are the most common examples.
A telecommunication network works on network, technical and business information system
,and PSTN(public Switch Telephone Network
The network( network consist of
transmission,switching,access,singaling,smartphones,mobile,intelligent network)
Technical (OSS) and Business (BSS) information system ( OSS operating spport system) and
Business support system)
A Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN)
The PSTN was designed to work two way voice communication. Firstly establishing a direct
connection between the user as stringing cable between any communication station on either
end..PSTn network cost based on distance and geography between the two station ,if distance is
increase between two station cost is high and may be accessibility is decrease. PSTN works on
switches . PSTN switches works basis on link by link .e ach switch with in the hierarchy
forwards its traffic along the link to next PSTN call setup that is switch base. PSTN network
charge according to distance so PSTN provides the network operator to facility to physical
measure service between the users .
GPS
GPS means Global Positioning system,is a radio navigation system that allows land ,sea, and
ai
one user to find there exact position.
.GSM(Global System For Mobile )
Now a days the most popular network is GSM.Most of the people use GSM services more than
half a billion. The key strength of GSM is international roaming facility and provide the services
to user more than 168 countries.
There are number of feature of GSM as follows
 Roaming:- The GSM network provider international networking with single subscriber
number world wide.
 Speech Quality :The GSM provide better quality of speech
 Security : the GSM provide the security to the user information keeping safe and secure.
 Sevices : GSM provides number of services that attract to user like call waiting,SMS
(short message service),GPRS services
 Compatibility : GSM network provide the compatibility between the digital network
example ISDN,
GSM works on three parts
Mobile station:
In GSM mobile phone has SIM(subscriber identity module). This is unique id for mobile that is
work internationally because that is also international subscriber identify(MSI).Mobile phone
ca
y this SIM without this SIm mobile phone functionality not done because SIM is a key with
the help of key mobile works .SIM functionality is storing the information and personal contact
number and sms. SIM store the security and authentication information .and mobile station
store the authentication key and MSI. Both side encryption algorithm works such as A5
ciphering algorithm .there is no need to take mobile phone during a
oad traveling only SIM is
sufficient . SIM is protected by PIN number (personal identification number).that is chosen by
the user If any enter wrong PIN number SIM may be block
Base Station Subsytem (BSS)
The working of the BSS is connection provide the user on the landline phone and mobile phone
users,For this purpose BTS (Base Transceiver Station) works.BSC(Base Station Controller )
working is controls the number of BTS.BSC working is monitor the call and decide when to
handover to BTS and control the radio frequencies allocation through the BTS.
Network Subsystem NSS
It helps to complete exchange ,capable of routing calls from fixed network to individual mobile
station with the help of BSC and BTS to an individual mobile station.MSC mobile switching
centre connect to cellular network with the help of PSTN.MSC another functionality to server to
coordinate setting up calls and from GSM users.
Home Location Register(HLR)
Visitor location Register(VLR)
Equipment Identity Register
Authentication Center
These register store the information about the SIM detail Pin number all incoming and out
going detail and for security purpose authentication center store the information for
authentication. Because all cellular communication works on...