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1 SOCI4022 Assignment 1 Due date Feb XXXXXXXXXX Technical notes for submission: Your assignment should consist of two documents: a PDF document where you present and discuss tables...

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SOCI4022 Assignment 1
Due date Feb XXXXXXXXXX

Technical notes for submission:
Your assignment should consist of two documents:
a PDF document where you present and discuss tables and figures, as well as where you
offer background information and references, all according to APA standards and
guidelines.
A syntax file, which is a modified version, with your notes and additional analyses, of the
one I posted.

I will not accept the SPSS Output as a display of your results or PDF submissions with
unformatted graphs and tables (copy-paste from output). You will be evaluated for how
you selected the important parts of the SPSS output, how you formatted them into
clean and informative tables or graphs and how well you discussed them.

When you discuss the results, blend rigor in discussing statistics, and a clear na
ative
about real implications of the results. Build up a coherent and engaging story that you
must communicate effectively.

Reminders of helpful tools on data visualization:
Storytelling with data.
http:
www.storytellingwithdata.com
log
http:
www.storytellingwithdata.com/chart-guide
How to Tell a Great Story.
https:
h
.org/2014/07/how-to-tell-a-great-story
Ebook available at the HIL:
Knaflic, C XXXXXXXXXXStorytelling with data : A data visualization guide for business
professionals. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley. (2015).


http:
www.storytellingwithdata.com
log
http:
www.storytellingwithdata.com/chart-guide
https:
h
.org/2014/07/how-to-tell-a-great-story
2
Instructions (please read carefully)
Assignment 1 is about describing data with basic statistics and graphs, comparing
groups, and discussing results in meaningful ways.
We are using PISA 2018 data, and I created already a dataset for you to use in this
Assignment 1 folder called PISA2018_CAN.
In this assignment, you will study construct two measures of students wellbeing, sense
of belonging and bullying, and will relate them to students’ test scores in reading.
I share with you a syntax file that helps you with 80% of the analyses that are needed.

You can follow my train of thoughts in the syntax, and I annotated it as well.

Task one:
write a short paragraph, in bullet points, and explain what the analytical approach in the
syntax is. Each bullet point should explain what I do in the syntax and why the command
is useful; what it does, and why it does it.
[For e.g.: bullet 1: frequencies of four variables related to bullying-the goals are:
describe students’ behavior, look for anomalous response options, evaluate number of
missing data and consider their impact on the analyses.]

Task two:
the analyses start by requesting frequencies of variables describing the sample. It is your
job to describe the sample composition using my syntax and add an analysis by grade.
Describe the sample composition by gender and grade and show their distribution in the
sample. (½ page, plus table or graph, if needed.)
Describe students’ reading score distribution and their socioeconomic status. The syntax
offers you some visual and numerical tools to do that. (½ page plus table or graphs, if
needed.)
Look at how I constructed two indexes, one that measures sense of belonging and the
other that measures intensity of bullying experience. Describe their distributions in 15-
year old Canadian students. Use the statistics to build a na
ative of learning and school
environment.
To assist you, I prepared box plots for you to discuss the distribution of these indexes,
y sex and by students’ socioeconomic status.
Improve the SPSS Output and transform the graphs and tables into powerful visual
na
atives. Pay attention to details and use fine descriptive skills when you discuss what
the graphs tell us. Remember not to just speak about medians, but focus on the
distribution (symmetry, spread, interquartile range). As we are writing for also the
oader public, ensure that you explicitly embed the boxplots into a na
ative about
learning and school environment for 15-year-old students in Canadian schools. Start
with discussing the results, and then connect them issues of inequalities and possibly
segregation.
3

I suggest that for Task 2 you write 5 pages, considering that at least 2 pages will be
occupied by graphs/tables.
Task three:
Move to PART 2 in the syntax. With cross tabs, I tried to describe how some groups of
students are more likely to be “poorer readers” than others.
Your responsibility is to add the appropriate percentages and test to the contingency
tables, and to calculate by hand and report in one single clean table Odds and Odds
Ratios. The “event” is negative- the student performs poorly in reading, so each
contingency (crosstabs) needs to be restructured to make co
ect calculations of odds
and OR. I used gender, low socioeconomic status, and being bullied as grouping
variables.
Present clean and formatted crosstabs.
Present the results for all the crosstabs (please deal with the right %-by row or column)
and compute Odds and Odds Ratios. Report in a clean table or in writing the odds and
OR for each crosstab.

Discuss inequalities and alarming issues that relate to learning issues in sub-populations
of students based on gender, socioeconomic status, and being bullied. You are welcome
to run additional analyses if you want to elaborate further.
This section should be about 2 pages, tables included. Try to condense the results into
one or two tables only.

Overall, your assignment should be about 8 pp long, use APA format, and no double
space. If you cite in the body of your text, add a reference list.

    SOCI4022 Assignment 1
    Due date Feb XXXXXXXXXX
    Technical notes for submission:
    Storytelling with data.
    How to Tell a Great Story.
    Ebook available at the HIL:
    Instructions (please read carefully)
Answered 32 days After Feb 17, 2023

Solution

Mohd answered on Feb 24 2023
34 Votes
First, we have conducted some exploratory analysis to evaluate the spread and characteristics of belonging and bullying variables.
· Some descriptive measures like mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis has calculated in-order to estimate and evaluate the spread of gender, ESCS and reading score observation.
We have drawn Histogram to visualize the reading score distribution resemblance as per the normal bell curve. Skewness and Kurtosis between -1 to 1 shows high resemblance to normal curve.
· We have recoded the variables as a block, giving them meaningful names and appropriate codes/values to the three response options.
· I used the conventional approach of _h to indicate the new object at home, and _s at school.
· First, we have evaluated the frequency distribution of responses for each construct of belonging and bullying.
· We have also recoded the data value of these variables for better understanding and interpretation.
· For the data spread we have created histogram for each variable, from which we can get an idea about variable distribution.
· We have also drawn boxplot of variables for visualizing extreme values. There are significant number of missing values in our dataset.
T test
· We want to estimate significance of group difference. We have conducted t test to test the group differences of reading score by The Index of bullying Intensity and belonging at five percent significance level.
· Assumption of normality of dependent variable must met before conducting the test. The normality assumption has met.
Cross Tabulation:
· We want to estimate the frequency count across two categorical variable levels. We have cross tabulated low reading score | females, low reading score and low ESCS index | low reading score and Hbully. We have added expected counts and percentages by rows. We have also calculated Odds ratio manually.
Task 2:
There are 22653 cases are valid in reading score and having mean value of 509.46 with standard deviation of 101.88. Reading score variable has skewness between -1 to 1 which implies it has resemblance of normal curve. Index of economic, social and cultural status has total record of 21490 and having mean of 0.37 with standard deviation of 0.83 which is quite high. There fore there is high fluctuations in Index values over the all records. Index has skewness between -1 to 1 which implies Index value distribution has significant resemblance of normal curve.
Off the total respondents, 11307 (49.9%) respondents are females.
Off the total respondents 11344 (50.1%) respondents are males.
The reading score variable has high resemblance toward normal distribution. It has skewness and Kurtosis in between -1 to 1. It has interquartile range of 141.212 units. We have also detected significant number of outliers in reading scores.
Belonging histogram has a resemblance to normal curve but it’s slightly left skewed. On the other hand, index of economic, social and cultural status has high resemblance toward normal curve. It has low skewness and high kurtosis. Curve has high peak of records around its mean.
There are numerous numbers of outliers in The Index of bullying Intensity variable. It has minimum of 0 and maximum of 1. Beyond the value 1.301 all...
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