Find another source that will be useful for your essay. This source could be any academic source that you find via the Curtin library database. Write two paragraphs based on source XXXXXXXXXXwords). Assume you are preparing a draft for your final essay. Your piece needs to include: a short summary of the article’s argument; an analysis of the argument (why it argues what it Engaging Media Study Guide 9 does, whether it is arguing for or against a common assertion; if it supports or contradicts other critics); statement of relevance (why it is important for the topic, what it adds to understanding). Also incorporate at least one direct quotation which is appropriately contextualised. Adhere to correct in-text referencing and bibliographical information.
Source:
Posch, R XXXXXXXXXXWhat is fair use?. Direct Marketing, 62, pp. 26, 27 & 43. http://search.proquest.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/docview/ XXXXXXXXXX?OpenUrlRefId=info:xri/sid:primoy
Collins, S XXXXXXXXXXRecovering Fair Use. M/C Journal, 11. http://journal.media-culture.org.au/index.php/mcjournal/article/viewArticle/105
Example
The article I would like to use for the essay is The Active Audience: Transforming Journalism from Gatekeeping to Gatewatching. It is written by Axel Bruns XXXXXXXXXXThe article gives an outline of participatory culture and the change it caused the journalism industry. The article states the decline Gatekeeping journalism is due to the internet era where almost anyone can be a ‘journalist’. This is where the active audience plays a part. “audiences now have direct access to a multitude of sources, and no longer rely on journalists to report the statements of politicians and other public actors, the news releases of governments and corporations, or the opinions of pundits and commentators.” According to Bruns XXXXXXXXXXThe journalist trend has shifted to gatewatching. This is when traditional journalism needs to collaborate with the active audience, namely, the citizen journalists. That way, the media intuitions and media consumers both share information, making them both active. The text argues that professional journalists no longer ‘simply’ inform citizens of the news, but work with citizens in developing a shared understanding of the news, just as members of the public move from a position as informed (but perhaps passive) citizens to one as active, monitorial citizen (Jenkins, 2006: 208).
This article is relatively important for my essay. Although I already have an article regarding journalism that argues that media institutions are still the ones with power. Meanwhile, this article has a different point of view. It has stated that because the technology has changed, the way that journalism works has changed as well. The institution and the consumers both have power. The question requires me to critically discuss which means I should not write a one-sided argument but rather write an essay that has multiple angles and points of view which sees if active audience has changed whoever has power.
Traditional applications of copyright are becoming unworkable in the contemporary media environment.
Copyright law has significantly changed over its course of existence. The development of copyright can be seen from the beginning of the 20th and 21st centuries into highly restrictive sets of laws. (Logie, XXXXXXXXXXThese restrictions are the main cause as to why the irrelevance and unworkability of traditional copyright with the contemporary media environment exists. Even so, copyright can be identified and found on a person’s work and creativity. It prevents the unauthorized use of other creators on a certain work in its original form that has been created by the original creators through their ideas. (What is Copyright? XXXXXXXXXXThis essay will discuss the coherence of traditional copyright and the contemporary media environment, the use and examples of fair use and fan fiction will also be included.
According to (Collins, 2008), copyright law was in use ever since the eighteenth-century, 1710, England the first enactment of copyright was ‘The Statue of Anne’. However, copyright in the U.S, 1790 copyright was not meant to be “property right” this was because the public understood the terms of actual property. Originally it was narrowed in a federal policy which granted limited trades of monopoly in exchange for universal use and access”. Copyright was made as a right, it limited the scope and time of a work to allow cultured important creative works to not be victimised by monopolies and ensured the works are free. This was done to “Promote Progress”. (Collins, XXXXXXXXXXIt was a law that promoted creativity, it was achieved by distributing the work into public domain to allow sharing, copying, remediating by the public that was completed in an exclusive time frame. (Logie, XXXXXXXXXXEven though this the original form of copyright it is not mostly used in the society and the majority of traditionalized. Current copyright law acts differently to the purpose established in the original copyright acts (Patry, XXXXXXXXXXIn the 20th century, drastic changes to copyright law were established (Logie, 2011) instead of encouraging creativity, it became a method for corporates in order to protect their interests and it is now a law that demolishes creativity and learning although this may true with the main aim of benefiting media owners whether it be authors, creators, publishers or distributors over the general public (Collins, 2008).This hinders the creativity and learning due to the strict restrictions that have been placed on access to intellectual property, according to (Collins, 2008) where making copyrighted material effectively unusable for re-purposing and remediation. Through this, the encouragement of learning and creativity is not prioritized by copyright law written by policy makers, in light in the fact of the strict rules placed upon the intellectual property.
Media consumers have easy access to the copyrighted media, this is possible as the existence of technology has allowed so, this can be seen in the contemporary media environment. (Jenkins, XXXXXXXXXXThus, this easy access allows for downloading, remediating, copying and sharing without effort and restriction. With an easy accessibility of a vast library of media at hand meaning online resources, the changing of their roles in the contemporary media environment is done through the engaging of said media by the media consumer (Rosen, XXXXXXXXXXThe changing of the roles where the media consumers changes into the ‘prosumer’ or ‘media prosumer’ can be determined by the remediation of the existing media, this will also all new and innovative works to be created (Collins, XXXXXXXXXXThis shows that copyright law cannot protect everyday media users in the contemporary media environment, as it also does not protect the media producers and prosumers of the medium instead villainizes them.
The relationship of copyright and the contemporary media environment is one where there is of a great importance in modern society. Copyright law and the contemporary media environment hold a lot of conflict and disputation between each other (Edwards et al., XXXXXXXXXXAs copyright law has changed over time, ‘prosumers’ are increasingly being scrutinised for acting in the way the original copyright acts intended (Patry, XXXXXXXXXXThe access to media and its vast distribution, due to the creation modern technology should be taken into consideration by the policy makers of copyright. One of the conflicts of the contemporary media environment and copyright is that the motives and the intentions of media users, audiences and ‘prosumers’ when sharing, accessing, downloading or remediating media. These media consumers make up a large part of the contemporary media environment, the actions from each individual are often scrutinised by policy makers of copyright, whom also see them as the villains. (Edwards et al., XXXXXXXXXXMost of the individuals have different purposes as to why they infringe the copyright law. Based on (Edwards et al., 2013), some consumers illegally access copyrighted media as they could not access their legal media through proper legal purchase. As this is a valid reason to engaging copyrighted material, is it just for copyright law to categorize this engagement as simple ‘piracy’.
Digital technology can be easily found everywhere. Authors will feel paranoia as they know their creation will not be safe whether it be a book, nor a photograph. Their creations could be shared or displayed, a writer will not be satisfied by current copyright law as their articles might be consumed by a magazine or a newspaper. Their content will somehow be borrowed or stolen. According to (Lessig, 2008), he argues that technology has changed the relevance of copyright and that the change in technology means a change in laws are needed. Under this issue of the current copyright law, fan fictions are still successful in the contemporary media environment. Through the creation of technology, the existence of ‘fandom’ and ‘fan fiction has become popular. (Schwabach, XXXXXXXXXXFan fiction is created by taking the controlling idea of an art, a film, literature, music and other types of media. The creators of original creation are often scrutinised as the copyright law in relation differs according to the case. (Lim, XXXXXXXXXXHowever, in the turn of events creators will be confused as to whether on their rights in whether they can remediate content or create new content as they are aware of thought on how they will be called criminals if so. (Jenkins,2006). In most cases, fan fiction can be shared and created as the copyright allows so. Online based communities are often not targeted by copyright law and the use of fan fictions is also proof that some segments of copyright law can still be used in the contemporary media environment.
Fair use is inescapably spoken of as it plays an important role in repairing the current overbearing copyright laws and protecting the creators and prosumers of the age (Collins, 2008).Fair use is where copyrighted material is reproduced or represented alternatively and deemed ‘fair’ under current copyright law or when presented in an official legal engagement (Posch, 1999).Fair use allows for a balance that of rights with its copyright owner and the public’s interest in the distribution of the information. The applications of copyright could be workable in the contemporary media environment in the event that this balance incorporated. In light in the fact of the essential flexibility of fair use and its ability in order to be applied on a case-by-case basis, it offers the best opportunity to protect those using media in new and unexpected ways (Collins 2008).
Copyright law has drastically changed, though so it does not benefit the contemporary media environment. In the society copyright plays a role that is essential through the protection of intellectual property, however, it is a flaw in the modern copyright law that it puts the rights with reference to the publishers, authors and distributors over the public (Vaidhyanathan, 2001).Due to the drastic change in copyright, consumers and content creators have been classified as pirates and criminals in the contemporary media environment. This has led the creators to refuse the creativity and the learning of content creating. Some cases