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Performance of RC Beams with Externally Bonded FRP Laminate
Article  in  Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems · August 2018
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Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 05-Special Issue, 2018
Performance of RC Beams with Externally
Bonded FRP Laminate
A. Preethy Mary, PG Student. E-mail: XXXXXXXXXX
S. Eswari, Associate Professor. E-mail: XXXXXXXXXX
Abstract--- This paper presents a study on the performance of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminated
einforced concrete (RC) beams using non-linear Finite element analysis. The geometry of the beam used in this
study was 100×150mm with an effective span of 900mm. A 5mm thick GFRP laminate is externally bonded at the
soffit of the beam. The parameters of this study included first crack load, yield load, ultimate load and their
co
esponding deflections. From the results it is observed that the GFRP laminated RC beam exhibit better
performance compared to that of RC beam.
I. Introduction
Infrastructures in and around the world are deteriorating or degrading at an unprecedented rate in recent decades,
due to co
osion, inadequate design/construction deficiency and natural disasters such as: fires and earthquake. A
large number of concrete structures have been damaged by severe earthquakes. Such damaged structures, have not
only be repaired, but also have to be retrofitted/strengthened [1], [2].
There is a huge need for structural up-gradation so as to meet new seismic design requirements because of new
design standards [3]. FRP laminates have gained popularity as external reinforcement for the strengthening or
ehabilitation of RC structures and they are prefe
ed over steel plate due to their high tensile strength, high
strength–weight ratio and co
osion resistance. Externally bonded FRP laminates and fa
ics can be used to increase
the shear as well as flexural strength of reinforced concrete beams and columns [4].
In particular, the flexural strength of a RC beam can be extensively increased by the application of ca
on
(CFRP), glass (GFRP) and aramid (AFRP) FRP plates/sheets adhesively bonded to the tension face of the beam.
Glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) sheets are being increasingly used in rehabilitation and retrofitting of
concrete structures, since low cost comparison with other types of FRP fibers [5]. Finite element analysis is an
numerical/analytical method for complex structural, thermal, fluid and electromagnetic problems [6]. A numerical
study has been ca
ied out by using ANSYS software to
ing into focus the versatility and powerful analytical
capabilities of finite element techniques by objectively modeling the complete response of beams [7]. This model
can help to confirm the theoretical calculations a
ived by using ACI method [8].
II. Finite Element Modeling
A. Geometry and Material Data
In this study RC and GFRP laminated beams of 100×150×1000 mm was used. The GFRP laminate of 5mm
thickness is bonded to the tension face of the beam. The properties of the material used are summarized in Table 1
and the geometry of the beam is shown in Fig. 1.
Table 1: Summary of Material Properties
ISSN 1943-023X XXXXXXXXXX1719
Received: 15 Mar 2018/Accepted: 20 Apr 2018
Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 05-Special Issue, 2018
Fig. 1: Geometry of the Beam
B. Modeling
ANSYS 15 was used for the modeling of beams [9]. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the model was set up to
examine three different behaviors such as: initial cracking, yielding of the steel reinforcement and the ultimate
strength of beam under Four-point bending.
CONCRETE: SOLID65 was used for the 3-D modeling of solids with or without reinforcing bars (rebar). The
solid is capable of cracking in tension and crushing in compression. This element is defined by eight nodes having
three degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions. The most important aspect of
this element is the treatment of nonlinear material properties. The geometry of this element is shown in Fig. 2(a).
Fig. 2: (a) Concrete: SOLID65 Element
STEEL REBAR: LINK180 is a 3-D spar element which can be used to model trusses, sagging cables, links,
springs, and so on. The element is a uniaxial tension-compression element with three degrees of freedom at each
node: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions. The geometry of this element which was used to model the
longitudinal and shear reinforcement is shown in Fig. 2(b).
Fig. 2: (b) Steel Rebar: LINK180 Element
ISSN 1943-023X XXXXXXXXXX1720
Received: 15 Mar 2018/Accepted: 20 Apr 2018
Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 05-Special Issue, 2018
STEEL PLATE: SOLID185 Homogeneous Structural Solid is suitable for modeling general 3-D solid structures.
This element is defined by eight nodes having three degrees of freedom at each node translations in the nodal x, y
and z directions. The homogeneous structural solid with simplified enhanced strain formulation was used to model
steel plates for supporting is shown in Fig. 2(c).
Fig. 2: (c) Steel Plate: Solid185
LAMINATE: SOLID185 Layered structural element used for modeling of layered thick shells or solids. This
element is defined by eight nodes having three degrees of freedom at each node. The element may be stacked for
modeling composites with more than 250 layers or improving solution accuracy. The geometry of this element is
shown in Fig. 2(d).
Fig. 2: (d) Laminates: SOLID185 Element
The typical modeling of RC beams is shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 3: Typical Modeling of RC Beam
III. Results & Discussion
A. Load-Deflection Behavior
The load-deflection behavior of RC and GFRP laminated RC beams are shown in Fig. 4. It clearly indicates the
first crack stage, yield stage and ultimate stage which shows the linear, non-linear behavior and failure region.
ISSN 1943-023X XXXXXXXXXX1721
Received: 15 Mar 2018/Accepted: 20 Apr 2018
Jour of Adv Research in Dynamical & Control Systems, Vol. 10, 05-Special Issue, 2018
Fig. 4: Load-Deflection Behavior of Beams
B. Crack Pattern
The ANSYS program records a crack pattern at each applied load step. A cracking sign represented by a circle
appears when a principal tensile stress exceeds the ultimate tensile strength of the concrete. The cracking sign
appears perpendicular to the direction of the principal stress. ANSYS program displays circles at locations of
cracking or crushing in concrete elements. Cracking is shown with a circle outline in the plane of the crack, and
crushing is shown with an octahedron outline. The first crack at an integration point is shown with a red