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THE CHALLENGE OF BLACK ATHLETES IN EUROPE AND IN THE UNITED STATES MANY YEARS AGO
Introduction
The word ‘Racism’ is the faith in supremacy of a race, racial group and religious conviction. It involves ill-treatment with offensive language or behaviour and practices which causes nuisance. It occurs either intentionally or due to lack of awareness and misapprehension. It may occur in all industry either in workplace, society or in sports. We will discuss on racism with respect to sports. Also, it is observed that the black athletes in Europe and in the United States are the person who faces various challenges due to racism. Mainly in football the black athletes are the victims of racial discrimination. It is actually a problem in both US and Europe with immigrants and ethnic minorities mainly the focus of abuse, discrimination and harassment. After lots of researches, scientists found that it is not the gene factor of black athletes over the non-black but it’s the blacks’ dedication, struggle and triumph and flair for the sports that distinguishes them from others. Hence, the genetic advantage factor the black enjoys is falsehood that causes racism towards the black.
Racism in Sports
In the earlier days the black were not allowed to participate in sports which were attractive in nature. Hence, the black formed their own groups and leagues. They were allowed to only participate in boxing, rowing and horse racing and had to compete against the whites. One of the leagues sponsored till now by the blacks is the NHL or the Coloured Hockey League. It was started in the year 1895 in Nova Scotia by the sons and grandsons of ex- slaves after escaping the slavery in Canada. Discussing about football, racism ranges from spreading racial violence to tokenism by the all governing bodies and clubs. These racism are centuries old and includes racism towards the Roma communities, Jews and mainly the Muslim communities recently. It is represented by the unequal participation of minorities in the game of football. The most common example is the exclusion of Roma community from football community. There are also instances of neo-Nazi symbolization on large banners and flags and anti Semitic slogans during football matches in many stadiums across Europe. In many football matches in Central and East Europe, systematic discrimination like hate speech against the Asian and the Arabic nations and racial abuses towards the Roma community and development of parallel playing structures are observed. In many football matches in Glasgow and Edinburgh between the Scottish and Northern Irish football teams’ racial discrimination is accustomed with religious hatred with pro-republican and anti-catholic chanting and violence. Dealing with these forms of racial discrimination is not easy as they are not evidently observable to be focussed at the player on the field. Also, these racial abuses have implicit support of the majority of spectators on the playing field. Other discriminative factors like homophobia and sexism are also common problems in the field of football.
In one of his writings Christos Kassimeris addressed the issue of racial discrimination in Europe. The problem is serious as it is entrenched in the history of the western world. It seeks to define racism as an attitude of superiority based on genetic characteristics and its continuance by other means. In writer’s word, racial discrimination has now emerged in political, cultural, social and economical arenas. The present-day racism arises from the politics of right-wing. These right-winged groups evolve in Europe from the fascist and neo-fascist political culture. The growth of fascist formation is a serious wo
y to extensive documented democratic practices in Europe. According to Kassimeris, the larger risk to the rising multicultural character of the society is the violence against the religious minorities and the ethnic groups. The democrats in France voiced that French revolt is done by them and is an element of their struggle. When the colonized populace a
ived and settle in Europe their racial attitudes becomes more visible. Football is just the game where their attitudes come into spotlight. Hence, the writer discusses about the variety of delinquencies and racist expressions which he has observed in the football field. He stated this as footbalisation of politics. This means football acts as the medium which erupt the political scuffle among the European nations. It is the governing bodies of football like the UEFA and FIFA which are controlled by extreme policies of the political parties in Europe. He talks about the era of football during the fascist rule in Europe which was during the two world wars and the session of communist ruled Europe...