Your experiment You are a research scientist who is aiming to determine which diuretic has the greatest effects on renal control Methods of your study 25 people were recruited into your study and...

Your experiment
You are a research scientist who is aiming to determine which diuretic has the greatest effects on renal control
Methods of your study
25 people were recruited into your study and randomly allocated into 4 groups of 5.  The experiment ran over a course of 2 hours with measurements taken at 40 min intervals (t = 0 min, t = 40 min, t = 80 min, t = 120 min), with an additional water load given at t = 40 to all groups (see table below).
Prior to consuming their treatment, each participant provided a baseline urine sample (t = 0) where the volume was recorded.
The following measurements are taken at each time point:
· Urine volume (mL)
· Osmolality (mL/kg)
· Na+ concentration (mmol/L)
· K+ concentration (mmol/L)
· pH
The experiment
To test the effects of different diuretics, participants will be allocated to one of the 4 groups listed below.  The drug plus a volume of water based on body weight will be given.
    Group
    Treatment (time = 0)
    Treatment (time = 40 min)
    Control (Placebo)
    Placebo + 4 mL H2O/kg body weight
    2 mL H2O/kg body weight
    Furosemide
    40 mg Furosemide + 4 mL H2O/kg body weight
    2 mL H2O/kg body weight
    Hydrochlorothiazide
    50 mg Hydrochlorothiazide + 4 mL H2O/kg body weight
    2 mL H2O/kg body weight
    Hydrochlorothiazide + Amiloride
    50 mg Hydrochlorothiazide + 5 mg Amiloride + 4 mL H2O/kg body weight
    2 mL H2O/kg body weight
Make your predictions
Rank each drug from 1-4 where 1 is the 'highest' result, e.g. for volume, a 1 would mean this drug would produce the greatest volume of urine, and the greatest amount of ion excreted for sodium and potassium. For pH note this as an overall increase, decrease, or no change. 
8 pts
    Drug
    Volume of urine produced
    pH of urine
    Amount of Na+ excreted
    Amount of K+ excreted
    Control (placebo)
    
    
    
    
    Furosemide
    
    
    
    
    Hydrochlorothiazide
    
    
    
    
    Hydrochlorothiazide + Amiloride
    
    
    
    
What is the purpose of taking a urine measurement before taking the drug? 1pts
Each subject supplied a urine sample prior to taking any diuretic (t=0), 40 min after diuretic consumption (t=1), 80 min after (t=2) and 120 min after (t=3).  Urine samples had their pH, ionic composition (Na+ and K+), and osmolality tested.
Explain why diuretics have an effect on urinary pH? Based on your results, which group had the greatest impact on urinary pH?

Raw Data
        Urine volume
(mL) [1 g = 1 mL]                        pH                    [Na+]
(mmol/L)                Total Na+
(mmol)
excl T=0        [K+]
(mmol/L)                Total K+
(mmol)
excl T=0        Osmolality
(mOsmol/kg)                Total
solutes
(mOsm)
excl T=0
        Time (min)                Total
excl T=0        Time (min)                    Time (min)                        Time (min)                        Time (min)
        0    40    80    120            0    40    80    120        0    40    80    120            0    40    80    120            0    40    80    120
    TREATMENT A
    Patient 1    84    31    99    68    198        5.76    5.38    5.83    5.90            114.00    10.40    4.41    4.86            87.70    21.80    19.10    6.18        932    899    187    167    57.74
    Patient 2    62    40    122    38    200        6.76    6.35    6.44    5.59            29.50    5.42    15.40    2.43            69.20    13.60    36.80    5.83        991    653    153    347    57.97
    Patient 3    60    420    500    200    1120        7.22    7.07    6.86    6.84            20.00    6.15    11.40    13.76            26.80    12.50    21.70    21.85        799    168    73    135    134.06
    Patient 4    664    351    199    41    591        6.38    6.66    6.58    5.87            13.30    16.00    74.10    10.89            13.40    11.20    40.30    8.58        173    115    118    475    83.32
    Patient 5    34    189    109    39    337        5.50    6.15    6.42    6.06            26.60    5.12    14.80    6.16            20.40    9.05    32.60    6.11        1017    315    311    310    105.52
    A    180.80    206.20    205.80    77.20    489.20    A    6.32    6.32    6.43    6.05    A        40.68    8.62    24.02    7.62    A        43.50    13.63    30.10    9.71    A    782.40    430.00    168.40    286.80    87.72
    SEM:    121.06    79.15    75.63    31.20    173.19    SEM:    0.32    0.28    0.17    0.21    SEM:        18.54    2.08    12.67    2.06    SEM:        14.72    2.18    4.16    3.07    SEM:    156.94    150.13    40.35    62.04    14.61
    N:    5    5    5    5    5    N:    5    5    5    5    N:        5    5    5    5    N:        5    5    5    5    N:    5    5    5    5    5
    TREATMENT B
    Patient 6    73    59    288    272    619        6.06    6.98    6.75    6.66            55.00    5.97    5.25    6.39            99.50    17.30    13.60    14.55        827    704    106    94    97.63
    Patient 7    753    244    399    353    996        6.30    6.67    6.42    6.42            34.50    5.23    3.87    11.87            10.90    3.29    3.13    5.08        164    223    60    66    101.65
    Patient 8    165    114    441    198    753        5.43    5.47    6.17    6.01            51.10    5.05    12.10    10.45            32.70    6.10    11.30    8.66        1002    1004    82    154    181.11
    Patient 9    25    45    314    235    594        5.68    5.85    6.35    6.31            26.00    11.70    21.20    9.83            24.80    3.27    4.58    3.22        1084    621    60    174    87.68
    Patient 10    26    88    237    50    375        5.25    5.94    6.32    5.59            21.40    3.56    11.40    3.30            9.70    3.09    14.80    2.33        816    282    64    226    51.28
    B    208    110    336    222    667    B    5.74    6.18    6.40    6.20    B        37.60    6.30    10.76    8.37    B        35.52    6.61    9.48    6.77    B    778.60    566.80    74.40    142.80    103.87
    SEM:    139    36    37    50    102    SEM:    0.19    0.28    0.10    0.18    SEM:        6.68    1.41    3.07    1.55    SEM:        16.57    2.73    2.38    2.23    SEM:    161.96    143.56    8.89    28.55    21.26
    N:    5    5    5    5    5    N:    5    5    5    5    N:        5    5    5    5    N:        5    5    5    5    N:    5    5    5    5    5
    TREATMENT C
    Patient 11    95    130    613    531    1274        5.54    5.25    6.09    5.38            132.00    98.90    102.00    131.95            19.60    9.18    9.89    13.43        1166    621    183    288    345.84
    Patient 12    246    585    941    522    2048        6.87    6.45    5.70    5.45            86.90    80.60    85.60    171.36            23.00    88.00    11.90    102.47        845    341    230    263    553.20
    Patient 13    67    434    424    134    992        5.83    6.33    6.05    5.22            101.00    94.30    81.60    94.75            21.80    17.10    30.60    20.81        941    325    285    317    304.37
    Patient 14    346    168    438    621    1227        5.65    6.08    5.50    5.09            39.50    43.80    81.90    76.68            51.20    20.20    18.70    29.06        528    431    207    262.00    325.78
    Patient 15    56    227    599    356    1182        5.46    6.04    5.73    4.84            104.00    95.20    93.20    113.81            34.20    16.00    14.80    22.62        961    378    256    298    345.24
    C    162    309    603    433    1345    C    5.87    6.03    5.81    5.20    C        92.68    82.56    88.86    117.71    C        29.96    30.10    17.18    37.68    C    888    419    232    286    375
    SEM:    57    87    93    86    182    SEM:    0.26    0.21    0.11    0.11    SEM:        15.17    10.18    3.89    16.29    SEM:        5.88    14.59    3.67    16.39    SEM:    104    54    18    11    45
    N:    5    5    5    5    5    N:    5    5    5    5    N:        5    5    5    5    N:        5    5    5    5    N:    5    5    5    5    5
    TREATMENT D
    Patient 16    800    236    426    262    924        7.06    7.54    7.09    7.29            47.70    50.50    58.50    48.10            37.80    20.20    33.90    26.41        229    331    220    228    231.572
    Patient 17    486    328    237    139    704        6.91    6.82    6.67    6.23            44.30    41.60    67.90    33.83            25.50    21.20    36.60    18.48        466    591    214    360    294.606
    Patient 18    25    177    334    130    641        5.28    5.35    5.72    5.27            39.50    38.20    79.90    30.14            7.70    6.20    2.23    3.72        986    306    173    393    163.034
    Patient 19    192    61    113    136    310        6.83    5.61    5.45    5.56            78.90    80.30    62.90    22.44            66.00    34.90    22.10    10.98        944    736    403    304    131.779
    Patient 20    52    79    254    109    442        5.15    5.07    5.72    4.91            73.90    33.20    55.20    20.29            33.40    11.30    36.10    9.44        1056    459    316    291    148.244
    D    311    176    273    155    604    D    6.25    6.08    6.13    5.85    D        56.86    48.76    64.88    30.96    D        34.08    18.76    26.19    13.81    D    736    485    265    315    194
    SEM:    147    50    52    27    106    SEM:    0.42    0.47    0.32    0.42    SEM:        8.12    8.37    4.32    4.94    SEM:        9.49    4.91    6.55    3.93    SEM:    164    81    42    29    30
    N:    5    5    5    5    5    N:    5    5    5    5    N:        5    5    5    5    N:        5    5    5    5    N:    5    5    5    5    5