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Written assignment - Science Written Assignment Science: Pathophysiology & Pharmacology of cardiac disease Length: XXXXXXXXXXwords Weight: 20% of total unit weighting Learning Outcomes This assignment...

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Written assignment - Science

Written Assignment Science: Pathophysiology & Pharmacology of cardiac disease

Length: XXXXXXXXXXwords

Weight: 20% of total unit weighting

Learning Outcomes

This assignment addresses the following unit learning outcomes

  1. Demonstrate an understanding of the cardiac system including related:
    • Anatomy andphysiology
    • Pathophysiology
    • Diagnostics
    • Pharmokinetics
    • Pharmodynamics, the quality use of medicines
  2. Demonstrate and apply comprehensive cardiac assessment andevidence based clinical reasoning skills in theory,clinical and simulated environments.
  3. Demonstrate the capacity tointegrate and relate principles of ethical and legal practice within an intra and interprofessional team approach to person centred care.
  4. Learn andapply reflective practice and professional communication strategies that facilitate the delivery of safe and effective culturally sensitive quality care across diverse settings.
  5. Plan and implement person centred primary health careand health promotion strategies related to cardiac health and wellbeing.

This assignment focuses on pathophysiology and pharmacology and will be marked by teaching staff from science.

Question

Discuss the pathophysiology and pharmacology of Heart Failure in relation to the case study of Trevor.As part of your answer you need to define and detail the pathophysiology of Heart Failure.

The case study of Trevor on Moodle follows Trevor as he encounters various cardiac issues. The focus here is on the heart failure which he experiences, you do not need to discuss any of his other health issues. Ensure that you relate Trevor's symptoms and presentation to what would be expected according to the pathophysiology.

Briefly outline the pharmacological treatments that Trevor is prescribed to treat this condition, and why he has been prescribed these medications. Ensure that you discuss the pharmacodynamics of the medications ie. the effects of the medications and their mechanism of action.

Referencing

You need to reference your responses appropriately.Aminimumof 6 recent evidence-based and peer reviewed resources is required for this section of the assignment.APA is the required referencing style for assignments submitted in the School of Health. Follow the link on moodle for information and examples.


Answered Same Day Dec 21, 2020

Solution

Soumi answered on Dec 23 2020
159 Votes
Running Head: HEART FAILURE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY    1
HEART FAILURE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY    2
HEART FAILURE: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
Name & Student Number: ________________________________
Unit Code & Coordinator: ________________________________
Word Count: 1162
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure
The main cause responsible for the occu
ence of cardiac failure is abnormality in the structure, rhythm and function of the heart. Many diseases, like myocardial infarction, and hypertension, are responsible for heart failure. Trevor suffers from Ischaemic Heart Disease. Cardiac failure is a state of the body, in which the heart is incapable of maintaining adequate oxygen supply to the body. Cardiac failure occurs when heart attempt to mitigate the effect of inadequacy of oxygen supply. In other words, it is a response towards inadequacy. The cardiac output can be determined by heart rate and the stroke volume in preload, contractility and afterload, and also cardiopulmonary interaction (Fe
ari et al., 2015). The preload is determined by the end-diastolic pressure. It depends upon the restriction of the ventricular filling and intravascular volume.
The reduction in the pressure of blood flow in right artery is due to elevation of the positive pleural pressure. This situation leads to the lowering of ventricular filling. There are two main factors that determine the diastolic function of the heart. These factors are method of myocardial relaxation and the flexibility of the left ventricle. Myocardial relaxation takes place in early diastolic phase of the heart. On the other hand, the flexibility of the left ventricle enables the heart to create suction, which expands the left ventricle for filling. The ischemia impairs the preload (ventricular filling), which leads to diastolic dysfunction. This increases arterial and pulmonary veins pressure. This ultimately leads to congestion and perfusion in leg muscles (Maaten et al., 2016). Trevor shows the symptoms of congestion, enlarged heart and oedemic left leg. His jugular venous pressure is 3cm.
Cardiac contractility is also known as ejection fraction. It is defined as the pumping of the heart. The contractility of the heart is disrupted when myocardium is not able to function properly. This happens due to myocardial infarction. The last stroke is afterload. It is calculated by the estimation of the mean of the pressure of the artery. In normal condition, cardiac output is not sensitive towards the afterload at the level of 140 mm Hg. The afterload is determined by the intrathoracic pressure and vascular resistance working against each other in myocardium. The uneven result in any of these factors are responsible for heart failure. When stroke volume is not managed, heart rate increases in order to maintain cardiac output. During cardiac failure, other organs of the body also act in the response. Kidneys hold more water and salt than usual in response to low blood flow. This caused swelling of ankles, legs and other...
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