Written assignment 2000 words: The written assignment for this unit is based on students choosing a topic from the list of topics provided and undertake a literature search relevant to the chosen...

Running Head: PRINCIPLES OF NURSING MANAGEMENT    1
PRINCIPLES OF NURSING MANAGEMENT     9
PRINCIPLES OF NURSING MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS/CLIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY OR CARDIAC MEDICAL OR SURGICAL CONDITIONS
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Literature Review    3
Nursing Management    3
Stage of Management in Case of a Respiratory and Cardiac Condition    4
Nursing Management in Case of Respiratory Conditions    5
Nursing Management in Case of a Cardiac Condition    6
Nursing Management in Surgical Condition    8
Two Types of Nursing Assessments    8
The Impact of Learning at the Workplace    9
Conclusion    10
References    11
Introduction
Assessment plays a very important role in nursing management that helps in the planning of patient-centered care. According to the competency standard for the nurses, it is crucial that the nurses are able to ca
y out comprehensive as well as systematic assessment so that they can plan the nursing care according to the need of the patient. Further, the planning of nursing care is governed by factors like whether nursing management is done for a group or for an individual.
These plans are made in such a way so that they are adaptable depending on the need of the patient. The nursing management of respiratory or cardiac patients involve in physical assessment and also factors like pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, modalities and dietetics. The cu
ent study will include the different principles behind the nursing management of cardiac or respiratory patient based on the literature studies.
Literature Review
Nursing Management
The nursing interventions involved in the monitoring of the vital signs that include airway patency, vital signs and neurologic status like pain management, evaluation of the surgical site and analyzing whether there is any fluid accumulation and the body has a maintained electrolyte balance. According to Heidari and Shahbazi (2017), these are the reports, which the nurses need to verify thoroughly, especially in case of surgical procedure, or in case, the patient has a respiratory or cardiac condition.
In order to prevent complication related to the transfer of the cardiac or respiratory patient in the surgical procedure, it is important that the patient care consist of 1.5 up to 2 patient care spaces within the operating room. In order to maintain the body condition, the nurses closely monitor need to verify the blood pressure, pulse oximeter, airway management and cardiac monitor.
It is also important that for the respiratory or cardiac patients the emergency equipment, as well as the medications, be kept centrally. It is important that the registered nurse be well versed with the principles of consciousness, respiratory effort, blood pressure, muscle strength,
eath sound and cardiac rhythm.
Stage of Management in Case of a Respiratory and Cardiac Condition
There are three stages, by which the management of patients are ca
ied out for the respiratory and cardiac after surgery condition. As stated by Edwards (2020), in the first stage, the nurses evaluate the consciousness level, respiratory effort, blood pressure, muscle strength, oxygen saturation and
eath sounds. In the second phase, the pulmonary, cardiac and renal functioning is checked to verify it has reached the normalized condition after the surgery.
In the third stage, the patients are kept in observation with intended intervention phases so that the patient has an adequate scope of recovery. The assessment of the respiratory status is ca
ied out through pulse oximetry, chest x-ray and arterial blood gases. The various complications related to the respiratory tract, which can include obstruction in the airway, hypoventilation and aspirations. In some patient hypoventilation, hypoxemia and laryngospasm are also observed.
Nursing Management in Case of Respiratory Conditions
The obstruction in the airways is one of the serious complications that affect the movement of the tongue with changes observed in the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscle tone. At times laryngospasm may results in fluid secretion and edema in the pharynx, trachea and
onchial tree. As opined by Schumacher, Lackey, Mitchell, Sinha and Costa (2018), the patient under such a condition shows symptoms such as wheezing, hypercapnia, retractions and stridor.
As a part of the nursing management, the patient under this condition is administered with 100% of oxygen through suction of secretion. In some cases, the nurses may have to ca
y out intubation in the endotracheal section and at sometimes tracheostomy and cricothyroidotomy are essential. In certain cases, if the patients have a condition like sleep apnea they might...