Solution
Soumi answered on
Jul 17 2021
Running Head: COLORECTAL CANCER 1
2
COLORECTAL CANCER
Pathophysiology of Cancer Tumors
The pathophysiology of all types of cancer, regardless of their sites, is basically, common. When a tumor develops, it damages the genetic complex of the cell as well as suppressing the immunity of the body. Thus, anti-tumor activity is suppressed. As mentioned by Kimmelman and White (2017), there is a temporary suppression of the tumor activity at the location where local tissues are damaged due to chemical, biological and physical impacts.
Since the proliferating tissue cells and tumor cells have almost identical structures and properties; the active anti-tumor immunity blocks the process of repairing the damaged tissue by preventing the development of proliferating cells. The development of cancer occurs in four phases: dysplasia, carcinoma in-situ, penetration of cancer cell in tissues and metastases. The cancer has four stages. In stage III cancer can spread to the lymph nodes.
Usually, as mentioned by Gieseck, Wilson and Wynn (2018), activation of the immunological reaction, along with anti-suppressant reaction, results in successful repairing of the damaged tissue with the help of cellular, vascular and cytokine reactions. The reactivation of the anti-tumor immunity occurs in inflamed areas with vulnerability towards formation of malign tumors.
During the development of a tumor, multiple foci micro damage occurs in the individual, due to the impact of exogenous factors such as chemical, biological and physical carcinogens as well as an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system. As noted by DeAngelis (2016), this is because sympathetic and hyper-sympathetic dominance occur due to ischemia and hypoxia. This results in the formation of cancer cells permanently in the damaged foci tissue, leading to the chronic inflammation and leads to the systemic inhibition of anti-tumor immunity. As a result, Natural Killer (NK) cells also support proliferation and angiogenesis, causing growth of the tumor (Shalapour & Karin, 2015). It has been noted that constant development of multiple foci tissue damage and chronic inflammation are due to the influence of the carcinogens on the tissue.
Pathophysiology of Colorectal Cancer Disease with respect to Betty’s Biopsy
Antitumor suppression, genomic abnormality, cellular inflammation and metastasis in colon epithelial cells results in the initiation of the colon cancer. These cancer traits...