Write an word essay on the following topic: Chronic renal failure The essay should contain at least two scholarly sources in addition to the textbook. It should cover the following points: Explain the...

Running Head: CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE    1
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE         2
CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Pathophysiology of Chronic Renal Failure    3
Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Renal Failure    4
Differential Diagnoses of Chronic Renal Failure    4
Laboratory Tests confirming Chronic Renal Failure and their Expected Outcomes    5
Present Protocol for Treating Chronic Renal Failure and its Mechanisms linked to Pathophysiological Perspectives    5
Conclusion    6
References    7
Introduction
    Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is commonly refe
ed to as kidney failure, which is a long-term condition, when the dysfunction of the kidney progresses to a stage of being an incurable or a terminal disease. The condition is endeavored to be managed by the kidneys by conducting hyperfiltration, in which blood is strained through urines in large amount. Nevertheless, this harms the rest functional nephrons negatively by putting excess pressure on them, then leading to total dysfunctionality. Accordingly, the present paper is about CRF’s pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory confirmatory tests, diagnoses and treatment protocols in accord with the pathophysiological perspectives.
Pathophysiology of Chronic Renal Failure
    Chronic Renal Failure is an outcome of chronic kidney disease that harms the functionality of the nephrons. According to Kimmel and Rosenberg (2014), when a person suffers from renal diseases, the nephrons try to modify their functionality in order to help the person survive. However, the condition takes an unmanageable turn, when the issues become progressive and the acute stage of the failure turns to chronic.
At End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), there might be issues such as crescentic glomerulonephritis that can be either slow or fast, which in turn, leads to pressure on the nephron. Consequently, presence of protein (proteinuria) or blood (hematuria) is noticed in urine. As mentioned by Zhang et al. (2016), although the kidneys try intensively to increase the longevity of nephrons; nevertheless, the last stage a
ives when the nephrons have a very low or no Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) and the only few, which could survive, have high GFR.
Clinical Manifestations of Chronic Renal Failure
    The first stage of the onset of CRF indicates the common clinical manifestations such as vomiting, nausea, insomnia and fatigue. As the stages progress, the expressions of the symptoms become more crucial in determining the probability of interventional methods that could be undertaken to cure it. As indicated by Chawla, Eggers, Star and Kimmel (2014), loss of appetite is another is symptom that leads to physical and mental weakness.
Urination amount and frequency also change, along with fluid accumulation at various parts of the body. As supported by Casadevall et al. (2017), since the pattern of filtration and urination change, therefore, a lot amount of fluid remains inside the body, leading to its accumulation in various areas. Consequently, hands, belly, legs, ankles, chest and feet swell, accompanied by muscle cramps, itches, pain as well as...