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Mobile Network Location Management
Student Name
Abstract
The Network Location Management is specifically divided into two parts:
Static Network Location Management.
Dynamic Network Location Management.
The cellular network practices both of these methods in order to meet its demand, but due to the
increasing network there is huge burden on improving these systems and to include the best of both
the techniques in order to cope with the challenges.
Definitions:
There are various terminologies which have been used in the whitepaper whose definitions are
as follows:
Base Station:
A tower or antennae receiving and transmitting Ultra High frequencies radio waves of cellular
network over a cell in a wireless network.
Base Station Controller:
It is a computer that controls one or more base stations and interaction between multiple base
stations from communication handover to other stuffs like paging and interfacing with the central
network and home location register.
Cell:
The last node of the cellular network is termed as cell which actually represents the geographical
land areas in which the network is distributed. Cells actually form the building blocks of the cellular
network. The cells where overlap forms the covering region for a specific network.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication):
Its a protocol which defines the communication between mobile phones and is based on the second
generation communication model for the mobile phones commonly termed as 2G.
Hand-off:
The process of the handing over the cu
ent connection while in connection to the communication
channel from one cell to other adjacent cell whenever there is cross-overs between two cells. It also
happens when the signals from one channel deteriorates and is not able to serve the communication
easily.
Home Location Register:
A home location register (HLR) is a database containing information regarding subscribers
authorized to use a global system for mobile communications (GSM) network. Some of the
information stored in an HLR includes the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and the
mobile station international subscriber directory number (MSISDN) of each subscription.
Location Area (LA):
It is a collections of small cells in a geographical region which collectively forms a large cell.
Devices which lie within this Location area have freedom of movement without being updated.
Location Areas may be fixed and are termed as Statically allocated location areas or can be dynamic
in nature due to its changing boundaries depending on various parameters.
Location Management (LM):
This is the process of managing the location of the users connected to the network in a specific
Location Area, and its interaction with other location area in the region. The study of Location
Management is always aimed to minimize the net cost in building and maintaining the system.
Location Update (LU):
Location Update is the process of updating the database of the Base Stations whenever any user
enters or leave a particular Location area. It is ususually performed whenever there is a cross-overs
etween two location areas.
Paging:
It is the process of identify the destination device out of cluster of many devices to which the
incoming call or message want to be delivered. Actually the network does not know in advance of
the exact location of the device and is aware of its general area only due to which whenever a call
a
ives, it involves the sending a message to all cells in the location area to determine which one is
the co
ect recipient of the message and once it gets identified the message or call is delivered to
that recipient.
Spectrum:
It is the bandwidth allocated to the cellular world for its usage as communication. This is a limited
frequency range which mobile devices use to communicate with each other. To avoid the
interference with the other high frequency signals the allocation of the band is done by the
international community in order to preserve the bands proper functioning. These are distributed as
licenses to
oadcast the cellular data.
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM):
This is a very tiny microcontroller chip which is enclosed inside the small plastic casings and stores
the data for the GSM cellular telephone subscribers. It contains the User Identification Number ,
location , phone number , network authorization data , personal security keys , contact lists and
short messages upto a limit.
Third Generation (3G):
It is successor to 2G and is wireless communication specification which use services and networks
that comply with the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000). Third
generation wireless network is very high speed and assists the high-quality video transmission
alongwith the audio data and also offers advanced global roaming.
Summary
Wireless spectrum is limited and expensive and an efficient designing and utilization of the
Location Management leads to the reduction of the cost of Location Management and frees
andwidth for additional services and increased user capacity within given spectrum.
Cells in a network are grouped into Location Areas (Location Area). Users move between
different Location Areas which leads to the updation of the Location Status of the User as per
certain rules or predefined standard in the telecommunication.
When the call is made to an user than Network starts polling each user in that Location Area as fast
as possible to find the user as quickly as possible.
So the overall dynamics involved in the Location Management is:
1 – The Network should get more frequent Location Updates in order to reduce the polling but it
will lead to more of the energy expenditures and time consumption.
2 – Inspite of that the network can use less frequent Location Update technique which will lead to
the polling overhead.
3 – Third and best in my opinion is that the location Areas can be optimized in order to match both
the above requirements.
The final vision of designing LM is to make proper equili
ium between all of these important
considerations.
Static Location Management
In today Networking world...