Throughout history, research in the physical sciences has often been limited by our abilities of...

Question

Throughout history, research in the physical sciences has often been limited by our abilities of safely observing and studying the very phenomenon in question. As we make technological progress, we have increasingly more tools to expand our observational capabilities.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you:
Part 1: Procedures in the Physical Sciences: Challenges in Measurements
1. Identify three (3) specific challenges to making direct measurements in the fields of astronomy, chemistry, physics, or earth science. Describe how scientists have utilized indirect forms of measure to overcome these challenges.
2. Choose two (2) of the most historically influential tools or techniques in the physical sciences. Explain how these techniques or tools work, and how they helped to advance our understanding of the physical sciences.
Part 2: Procedures in the Physical Sciences: A Survey of Safety
3. Choose one (1) hazard associated with research in the physical sciences. Discuss how protective gear or equipment might be used to mitigate the hazard, as well as its efficacy.
4. Describe the ways in which advancements in the physical sciences might impact the safety of the global community. Assess any special considerations for regulating this research.
Part 3: Documentation
5. Use at least four (4) quality resources in this assignment.Note:Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. The body of the paper must have in-text citations that correspond to the references.
Your report must follow these formatting requirements:
? Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
? Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

Robert · Accepted Answer

First we need to understand that what is the domain of physical sciences field then we can 
understand the methodologies used and their implications on the researchers. In general 
approximately most common fields of Science like Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy etc comes in 
to the physical Sciences Arena.  
Procedures in the Physical Sciences:  
Challenges in Measurements  
Various types of challenges are there in measuring quantities in physical sciences. Due to 
these challenges some of them are measured indirectly by approximation according to the 
standards of measurement. 
Challenges in Direct Measurement 
1. In case of Astronomical research less than 5% of the directly observed extra solar planets 
are known to us till some years before because most of the extra solar planets are very 
faint objects (Jonathan I. Lunine, 2009), hence they cannot be detected directly so we use 
indirect methods to observe the properties of these planets like their radial velocity and 
spectrum if light is enough to obtain spectrum. (Planet Detection Methods). 
2. Similarly in case of measurement of pressure variation inside a solid material we can get 
in to the bulk of the matter to measure pressure variation hence it is measured from the 
surface with the help of some properties of the material and their relation with pressure. 
3. In modern era waste management is an important practice and various scientific 
procedures are utilized for proper utilization of waste. One of them is the measurement of 
quantity of water in a landfill, because it is an important factor in waste management.

Throughout history, research in the physical sciences has often been limited by our abilities of safely observing and studying the very phenomenon in question. As we make technological progress, we...

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