This template must be used to answer the case study.
(Please type your answers within the box underneath each question)
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1. Physiological basis of the wound observations (Total: 10 marks)
2. Possible sources of contamination and modes of transmission (Total: 10 marks)
2.1 Name one endogenous source of contamination and discuss the mode of transmission from the source to the new host. (5 marks)
2.2 Name one exogenous source of contamination and discuss the mode of transmission from the source to the new host. (5 marks)
3. Rationale for choices of antibiotics (Total 10 Marks)
3.1 Rationale for the stat dose of ceftriaxone administered IVI immediately. (3 marks)
3.2 Rationale for the oral cephalexin. (3 marks)
3.3 Rationale for the change to oral dicloxacillin. (3 marks)
3.4 State two adverse reactions to dicloxacillin. (1 mark)
4. Process by which Mary’s wound will heal (Total: 5 marks)
References
Word count There is a word limit of 1200 words. Use your computer to total the number of words used in your assignment. However, do not include the reference list at the end of your assignment in the word count. In-text citations will be included in the additional 10% word count. if you exceed the word limit by more than 10% the marker will stop marking at 1200 words plus 10%. Aim of assessment The aim of this assessment is to increase students’ understanding of how microorganisms can cause health breakdown, and the role of relevant pharmacological interventions in the recovery processes. Students will explore various modes of transmission, relevant characteristics of pathogens and the importance of breaking the chain of infection. This assessment facilitates the development of the following skills: critical appraisal of the nurse’s role in infection control, literature searching, and academic writing and referencing. Details Students are provided with a hypothetical case study to read (see below). They then must answer the questions provided, relating to the study. Students should draw on relevant literature provided to support their answers, and reference using the APA 6th ed. style. Note: – Students must respond to each of the questions using academic writing. It is anticipated that the work will be presented in a question / answer format using full sentences and paragraphs. – Students MUST use the electronic template for this assignment. A soft word copy of the template must be accessed from the Assessments tab on the Bioscience 2 vUWS site. – Answers are to be written in the third person (he/she/it or they/them/their). – Answers are to be written clearly and concisely using correct spelling and grammar and written in complete sentences and paragraphs. Bullet points are NOT acceptable. – All answers must include in-text references and a reference list must be included at the end of the assessment. – As a guide, please aim to write around 35 words per allocated mark for each question. Thus, if a question is worth 10 marks, aim to answer it in around 350 words.
Case study Mary, 21 years old, presented to the hospital emergency department with an infected laceration on her left foot. Mary was at a beach resort four days ago, when she trod on a broken glass bottle and sustained a deep 2 cm long jagged laceration over the lateral aspect of her left foot. She used her handkerchief to bandage the wound. This morning the wound was extremely painful, swollen and had a purulent discharge. On inspection of the wound the following wound observations were made: – Painful and swollen, – Red and warm when touched. – Purulent discharge. 7 A wound swab was taken for culture and sensitivity. A stat dose of ceftriaxone 1g was administered IVI immediately (she did not require a booster tetanus injection as she had already received one three months ago). She was then commenced on oral cephalexin 500mg to be taken every 6 hours before being sent home. Using the template provided (to be accessed from the Assessment tab in the Unit’s vUWS site), answer the following questions:1. Describe the physiological basis for the appearance of Mary’s wound.(10 Marks) 2. Explain TWO (one endogenous and one exogenous) likely sources for the contamination of the wound and the mode of transmission of the microorganism from each source.(10 Marks) Culture and sensitivity test confirmed the microorganism infecting the wound to be Staphylococcus aureus. The drug cephalexin was discontinued and replaced with oral dicloxacillin 500 mg every 6 hours. 1. Explain the rationale for the initial choice of antibiotics, and the subsequent change in antibiotic therapy to dicloxacillin. Discuss the mode of action of this antibiotic, and state any TWO of its common adverse reactions (10 Marks) 2. Describe the process by which Mary’s wound will heal.(5 Marks) Resources: i. There are a number of textbooks and resources available through the Western Sydney University Library that may assist you. Please refer to the unit’s vUWS site for specific unit resources. ii. The following four references MUST be used and cited in this case study. Additional resources may also be used as long as the four required are present. Some of these can be accessed online as indicated. Others may be found on closed reserve in the library. iii. (Eds.) indicates an edited book. You must reference the chapter/s used. Required References: Bullock, S., & Manias, E XXXXXXXXXXFundamentals of pharmacology (8th ed.). Frenchs Forest, Australia: Pearson Australia. Craft, J., & Gordon, C. (Eds XXXXXXXXXXUnderstanding pathophysiology (2nd Australian and New Zealand ed.). Chatswood, Australia: Elsevier. Available Online Lee, G., & Bishop, P. (Eds XXXXXXXXXXMicrobiology and infection control for health professionals (6th ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Pearson Australia. Marieb, E.N., & Hoehn, K XXXXXXXXXXHuman anatomy & physiology (10th global ed.). Harlow, United Kingdom: Pearson Education.
Marking Criteria: Criteria High Distinction Distinction Credit Pass Unsatisfactory Criterion 1 - Describe the physiological basis of Mary’s wound observations. Accurately and thoroughly describes all physiological bases of Mary’s wound observations. Insightfully justifies each observation with relevant physiology. Clearly links the explanation and justification to information in the case study. . Accurately and clearly describes all physiological bases of Mary’s wound observations. Comprehensively justifies each observation with relevant physiology Makes some links to the case study. Accurately describes all physiological bases of Mary’s wound observations. Thoroughly justifies each observation with relevant physiology Attempts to make some links to the case study. Adequately describes some physiological basis of Mary’s wound observations. Adequately justifies each observation with relevant physiology. However, lacks connection to the case study. No attempt to describe physiological basis of Mary’s wound observations. No attempt to justify any observation with relevant physiology. No connection to the case study is made XXXXXXXXXX 5-6 ≤4.5Criteria High Distinction Distinction Credit Pass Unsatisfactory Criterion 2 - Explain TWO possible sources for the contamination of the wound and the mode of transmission of the microorganism. Correctly identifies and explains two most likely sources of contamination and links the source to the reservoir Insightfully rationalises the source and mode of transmission of the microorganism. Correctly identifies and explains two likely sources of contamination and links the source to the reservoir. Comprehensively rationalises the source and mode of transmission of the microorganism. Correctly identifies and explains two likely sources of contamination, though the link to the reservoir is not clear. Thoroughly rationalises the source and mode of transmission of the microorganism. Correctly identifies two sources of contamination, though they can be secondary and/or less likely; link to reservoir is unclear. Adequately rationalises the source and mode of transmission of the microorganism. No attempt to identify any likely sources of contamination or the source is not relevant to the reservoir. No attempt to rationalise the source and mode of transmission of the microorganism XXXXXXXXXX 5-6 ≤4.5 Criterion 3 - Explain the rationale for initial choice of antibiotic and the subsequent change in antibiotics. Discuss the mode of action of dicloxacillin, and state any TWO of its common adverse reactions Provides thorough and accurate scientific reasoning for the choice of antibiotics, their relevant properties and activity, with clear and consistent links to the case. Clearly and concisely discusses the mode of action of dicloxacillin and states any TWO of its common adverse reactions Provides an accurate scientific reasoning for the choice and antibiotics, their relevant properties and activity, with clear and consistent links to the case. Clearly discusses the mode of action of dicloxacillin and states any TWO of its common adverse reactions Provides a suitable scientific reasoning for the choice of antibiotics, their relevant properties and activity, with clear links to the case. Discusses the mode of action of dicloxacillin and states any TWO of its common adverse reactions Provides a basic scientific reasoning for the choice of each of the three antibiotics, though links to the case may be unclear. States two possible adverse reactions caused by Dicloxacillin . Fails to provide a basic scientific reasoning for the choice and mode of action of each of the three antibiotics. States none of the possible adverse reactions caused by Dicloxacillin XXXXXXXXXX5-6 ≤4.5 Criterion 4 - Describe the process by which Mary’s wound will heal. Provides a thorough and accurate description of the various stages and processes by which the wound will heal, using correct scientific terms throughout. Provides an accurate description of the various stages and processes by which the wound will heal, generally using correct scientific terms. Provides a sound description of the various stages and processes by which the wound will heal, using correct scientific terms in most instances. Provides a basic description of the various stages and processes by which the wound will heal, using some correct scientific terms. Provides little or no description of the various stages and processes by which the wound will heal, with a lack of correct scientific terms XXXXXXXXXX ≤2