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Title of the Assessment: Contemporary Public Health
Assessment number: 130HSC/130HSCSC/130HSCEL
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Contents
Abstract    3
Introduction    3
Holistic factors that influence health and identify vulnerable groups in contemporary UK society    3
The extent and character of health inequalities in contemporary UK society    4
Competing explanations for inequalities of health outcomes and describe the possible methods for reducing them    4
Public health strategies which contribute to the health, development and wellbeing of individuals, and communities    4
Public health strategies which contribute to the health, development and wellbeing of individual, and communities    5
Conclusion
References

Abstract
This paper analyses the incidence and prevalence of Leukaemia in England. It provides an overview of the disease and then discusses details regarding the risk factors that may result in leukaemia. It provides relevant data regarding health disparities in England in terms of race, ethnicity, gender and age and it goes further to explore the reason for this disparity. Finally, it discusses ways to reduce this disparity and analyses how and what public health strategies can be used to reduce inequality in health outcomes.
Introduction
Public health is the “science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging lives and promoting health output” (Acheson 1988). Public health focuses on all spectra of health, wellness and wellbeing. It seeks to prevent diseases, reduce the incidence of diseases and eradicate diseases in order to create a healthy community.
Public health promotes behavioural health through encouraging people to stay healthy. It helps to reduce the causes of ill-health and improves people’s health and wellbeing as defined by NHS England. “Public health is about making health achievable for every stage of life” as stated by the Marmot Review (Marmot et al. 2010)
Topic: - LEUKAEMIA
Leukaemia is defined by mayoclinic.org (2018) as “cancer of the body’s blood-forming tissues including the bone ma
ow and the lymphatic system”. Patients suffering from leukaemia have white blood cells produced from the bone ma
ow that do not function properly.
The bones in our body have spongy slightly dotted tissues. This tissue is in essence responsible for producing both red and white blood cells and is what we call bone ma
ow. In leukaemia disease which is cancer of the blood, the spongy tissues (bone ma
ow) produce immature blood cells to prevent infections. However since these blood cells are immature they cannot function the way regular White Blood Cells do. These immature cells are called blast cells. Eventually Blast cells crowd the blood causing low actual WBC, RBC and platelets and hamper the normal functioning of the human organs (NHS 2019).
Leukaemia is more likely to be common in older people especially in men. Leukaemia is detected by the Leukaemia society and diagnosed by Haematologists. It can affect anybody. 9,900 new cases of leukaemia were detected in UK in 2015 averaging at about 3% of total cancer cases (Cancer Research UK 2015). Symptoms of Leukaemia are usually fever, bone aches, headaches, blood etc.
Leukaemia can be grouped into categories
1. Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia = CML
2. Acute Myeloid Leukaemia = AML
3. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia = CLL
4. Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia = ALL
Holistic factors that influence health and identify vulnerable groups in contemporary UK society
Leukaemia disease is not restricted to age group or gender. It can occur in anyone. However, certain factors increase the risk of certain individuals when it comes to acquiring the disease. The following factors may contribute to the risk of acquiring leukaemia in individuals-
1- Exposure to artificial ionizing radiation over a prolonged period of time.
2- Certain immunity compromising viruses, like the HTLV-1 and HIV.
3- Prolonged exposure to petrochemicals such as benzene
4- Cancer treatments that require exposure to alkylating chemotherapy agents
5- Certain types of hair dyes
6- Smoking
7- Genetic predisposition that makes certain individuals with faulty genes more susceptible to the disease
8- Individuals with Down syndrome...