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Running Head: KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS        1
KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS        5
NURSING
KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS
Part A
1. Make a list of six (6) common disorders and conditions for each of the following body systems or components of body systems.
    Body systems or components of body systems
    Six (6) common disorders and conditions for each of the following body systems or compounds of body systems
    a) Musculoskeletal system
    Carpal tunnel syndrome, endinitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone fractures, and fi
omyalgia
    b) Skin
    Acne, cold sore, blister, hives, actinic keratosis, and rosacea
    c) Cardiovascular system
    High blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, congenital heart disease (Rastogi, Pandey & Rawat, 2016)
    d) Respiratory systems
    Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Pneumonia, Fi
osis, and pulmonary oedema
    e) Gastrointestinal system
    Gallstones, Celiac disease, Esophagitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Haemo
hoids, Diverticulitis
    f) Ea
    Tinnitus, Cholesteatoma, Otitis, Hearing loss, Vertigo, Dizziness
    g) Eye
    Blindness, Cataract, Dry eye, Glaucoma, Strabismus, Retinopathy (Tisato, Gonelli, Voltan, Secchiero & Zauli, 2016)
    h) Nervous system
    Neurological disorders, Parkinson’s disease, Ataxia, Nerve injury, Dysautonomia, Neurotoxicity
    i) Endocrine system
    Thyroid, Low testosterone, Diabetes, Obesity, Growth disorder, and adrenal disorders
    j) Urinary system
    Bladder disease, interstitial cystitis, ostomy, kidney stones, Urinary incontinence, kidney failure
    k) Reproductive system
    Menstrual Cramps, Genital Infection, Uterine Infection, Lowering of Libido, Vaginal Yeast Infection, Impotency (Bahmani et al., 2015)
2. What is incentive spirometry? How can incentive spirometry and peak flow assist in diagnosis of conditions and disorders?
    Incentive spirometry is commonly used as prevention for pulmonary complications. It is device, which helps to retain patient’s lungs to take very slow and polite deep
eaths. The incentive spirometry not only measures how patients lungs fill up with every
eath taken in, but it also assists to exercise lungs to keep alveoli in place, while exchanging oxygen and ca
on dioxide. The patient has to exhale in spirometer. It records forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume. According to Eltorai et al. (2018), if the score is low then the airways are constricted or swollen due to lung diseases. The peak flow meter measures outlet of air pushed by the lungs. It is less accurate than the spirometer. Both devices can be used in chronic
onchitis, asthma, pulmonary fi
osis and emphysema. The healthcare professional has strong opinion about incentive spirometry.
3. Identify and describe five (5) characteristics of critical thinking.
The characteristics of critical thinking are as follows—
1. Rational thinking- Thinkers should not jump on conclusion
2. Reflectiveness – Weighing the facts and evidence
3. Autonomous thinking- Thinking should not easily manipulated
4. Creative thinking— Innovative thinking should be encouraged
5. Fair thinking – Thinking should not one biased or biased (Zuriguel Perez et al., 2015)
. Identify the issues nurses need to consider when supporting a person with type 2 diabetes.
Nursing staff have important responsibility and role to deal with type 2 diabetes person. The nurses should describe the risk factors for diabetes type 2, to support the patient, advise them about self-care with guidance from registered nurses, to identify, observe and report any concerns as well as encourage them to undertake their personalised health care plans. In...