The impacts of sanitation, water and hygiene interventions on prevention of diarrhoeal diseases in India and Bangladesh: A systematic literature review Student Name: Shaikh Heena Student ID:...

Running head: Developing the Health Promotion Intervention
Developing the Health Promotion Intervention 5
The impacts of sanitation, water and hygiene interventions on prevention of dia
hoeal diseases in India and Bangladesh: A systematic literature review
Student Name: Shaikh Heena
Student ID: 19158828
Research Question:
Do sanitation, water and hygiene interventions reduce the dia
hoeal diseases in India and Bangladesh?
    
Abstract
Objectives: The improvement in clean and safe water supply, sanitation and maintenance of the hygiene has a great impact on reducing the prevalence of dia
hoeal diseases, which is one of the concerning matters in India and Bangladesh due to lack of hygiene awareness and sanitation. The principal objective of the systemic review is to analyze whether the interventions taken to prevent the dia
hoea disease in India and Bangladesh are effective and optimal or not.
Methods: The articles published between the year 2000 and till date were reviewed systematically using the database searches from Medline, CINAHL, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, BLDS, SIGLE, WHOLIS, Cochrane, IDEAS, JOLIS, Pubmed, Ovid, ProQuest, Google scholar and Health Reference Centre Academic. Other articles were retrieved from secondary sources, by a screening of the reference list, reviews and reports.
The results of the reviewed articles are merged and scrutinized using meta-analysis. The relevant studies, selected using specific keywords and proper inclusion criteria, are executed to avoid biased articles to influence the result of the research. The electronic search from Primary Search Strategy and cross-referencing retrieved 30421 results, out of which after removing the duplicate data files and ineligible records at abstract screening (where full text was not available) 719 full-text articles were retrieved for a complete screening. Out of these files, only 78 met the criteria prescribed for inclusion and offered eligible data.
Results
Most of the studies reported a reduction of 65% in children mortality rates and a 40% reduction in the risk of dia
hoea (Darvesh et al, 2017). The water filtration resulted in 53% decrease in dia
hoea cases and disinfection of water resulted in 31% decline in dia
hoea cases. The hand wash practices with soap resulted in 27% decline in the risk of dia
hoea (Begum et al, 2011). The construction of latrine in India increased to 63% households; however, it has no significant effects on the risk of dia
hoea for children (Darvesh et al, 2017).
Conclusions
The sanitation and hygiene interventions have proved to be effectively helpful in reducing the dia
hoea in children of age 0-5 years in India and Bangladesh.
Keywords: Sanitation, hygiene, water, intervention, India and Bangladesh
Introduction
Dia
hoea is identified as one of the major health issues in the developing countries like India and Australia (Darvesh et al, 2017). Generally, the use of poor quality of water for drinking, washing utensils and bathing along with faecal pollution of water sources is observed as the main sources of pathogen transmission (Fewtrell et al, 2005). Therefore, the water improvement and sanitation interventions have been...