Talk about physic forces apply in it and others. Paper has to be in between 1,700 - 2,000 words. More instructions will be provided tomorrow. Thank you

PHYSICS OF A ROLLER COASTER

INTRODUCTION:
A roller coaster is one of the most sought after swings of an Amusement Park. Its fast and e
atic ride is
very exciting for riders along with which it is based on a number of theories of physics which are fun to
observe and understand. When the coaster suddenly accelerates and rolls down over hills and around
large vertical loops, it makes us feel as if all our body organs have become projectiles and are moving
freely in air.
These exciting feelings can be understood if we have some basic knowledge of Newton’s Laws and
kinematics of Circular Motion and also the principles of work and energy that are helpful in
understanding the law of conservation of energy and tells us how a coaster is able to move through the
complete track once it is taken to a high hill and left from there.
The presence of a number of physical phenomena involved in a Roller Coaster makes it an ideal research
topic for a physics student.
HISTORY:
The history of the first time roller coasters can be traced in the seventeenth century in Russia. Those
coasters were very different from the ones that we find today. They consisted of sleds made of wood on
which people used to slide over the slopy ice hills. The only issue was that they required great skill to
steer them properly and had to be stopped by used one’s own hands. Such coasters were quite prone to
accidents and were a risky task to take up.
The French tried to imitate the Russians by building similar roller coasters in France, but due to the
warm climate there, they could not succeed with their trials with ice and instead a waxed wooden slide
was developed and it proved to be much better a choice, having wooden wheeled sleds. But again the
skill required to make them move properly make them an uphill task and accidents were very frequent.
A solution was attained by making tracks to keep the coasters in a specified path.
The starting of today’s roller happened near the end of the nineteenth century when railway companies
in America started making amusement parks along with their railway stations at the end of railway
tracks to benefit their business.
The first advanced roller coaster was introduced in late nineties of the century which was a gravity
driven train known as switchback train. But it was a cumbersome process for the riders as they first had
to first climb through stairs to board the train, which was then made to slide from the station to move
down a hill given a few bumps in the path. Then at the bottom again, the riders had to climb up another
set of stairs and in the mean while the workers would ca
y the car again at the top of another station.
The passengers would then ride back to the first station to reach the starting point.
The start of twentieth century
ought with it great advancements in safety of roller coasters. At this
time first tube shaped steel roller coasters were introduced. Their tracks were made from steel which
PHYSICS OF A ROLLER COASTER

was a huge improvement. They offered greater stability, and paved the way for closed loops in the rides
in future.
CURRENT RESEARCH:
A roller coaster uses a great deal of physics in the form of Newton’s laws of motion, kinematics of
circular motion, Work Energy Principle which involves kinetic and potential energy of the coaster
system, frictional force etc. A
ief account of all these phenomena in context of the mechanics of a
oller coaster is observed as follows:
Gravitational Force
Gravitational force is the basic driving force of a roller coaster. According to theories of physics, it is the
force that the Earth exerts on every body present on its surface or near to it. This force is always
directed towards the centre of earth and when seen from the surface of Earth, it tends to
ing down all
the bodies at a height towards the surface of Earth.
In the case of a roller coaster also, the Earth tries to...