Question: Clevand case study.: Refer to the pdf (cleveland case study Final.pdf) and use academic articles greater that 2005 Format essay. 1500 words, minimum 15 references with apa formation. Must be...

CLEVELAND CASE STUDY
1. What do you consider were the three main changes that the Cleveland Clinic made to improve the value of its services to patients?
    There were three main changes that the Cleveland Clinic made to improve the value of its services to the patients. The first one being moving to value-based healthcare via integrated practice units: Value-based care focuses on improving the quality of patient outcomes by achieving overall wellbeing and effective treatment strategies for patients (Bauhauer, et al., 2016). The Cleveland Clinic incorporated a series of changes to ensure patient care and safety. The clinic made significant efforts to guarantee the safety of patients by being in a constant process of analyzing the evidence-based outcomes obtained via medical various interventions to improve the conventional patient care protocols and make them proactive. The Cleveland Clinic Integrated Care Model (CCICM) focussed on creating an experience for patients as they received care over time and across different Clinic and non-Clinic sites (Cosgrove, T., 2015). Data mining and evidence analysis were the foundation of making changes in the conventional method of patient care. This data provided inference on how various health concerns and diseases can be avoided by making changes in lifestyle which would further curtail the need for expensive medications and test procedures. For example, if a patient is suffering from a chronic disease such as Asthma; value-based care would suggest preventive measures to be incorporated in the lifestyle such as a proper diet and exercise to reduce the severity and complications of the disease. Value-based care also focuses on treating patients with adequate emotional and psychological support (Ong, et al., 2017). It is believed that addressing the patient’s state of mental wellbeing would ease the process of providing treatment depending upon the willingness of the patient to receive treatment and thus cooperate with the healthcare professionals. This is especially important for geriatric patients and children who need extensive care and cooperation by healthcare professionals.
    Integrated Practice Units comprise of healthcare professionals and supporting staff, responsible for addressing the holistic aspects of the patient’s health including the patient’s medical condition, education, engagement and patient follow-up (Jayakumar, et al., 2019). The Cleveland Clinic achieved value-based patient care via integrated practice units. The clinic was organized according to the departments that were defined by medical specialities where each department focussed on a wide range of patient services within the designation of its speciality. The clinic started the co-location of specialists and services into integrated practise units (IPUs) structured around the care of common, medical conditions observed in patients. Thorough reorganization of all services into multidisciplinary units was initiated through the evidence obtained from the patient viewpoint around disease systems or organ systems. Lastly, patient treatment was not provided by individual physicians but by the appointed team of health professionals in order to cover every aspect of care; be it physical, mental or financial.
    The second change was concerned with publishing the outcome measures. This included measuring the outcome of patient care and experience plays a vital role in determining the impact of the medical or healthcare intervention on the patient’s health and wellbeing. The various outcome measures in clinical care are: Self-report measures, Performance-based measures, Observer-reported measures, Clinician-reported measures (Roach, 2006). A trajectory of outcome measures was created by the Cleveland Clinic assessing the outcomes of patient care and the necessary changes to be incorporated. The Cleveland Clinic initiated monitoring 30-day readmission rates of patients for any reason to any of its system hospitals. This monitoring practice enabled reviewing unplanned readmissions for improvement opportunities. Comprehensive care coordination and care management for high-risk patients was also initiated to avoid unnecessary hospitalisations and emergency department visits.
    The third change made by the clinic as a part of reform was enhancing the patient experience. The Cleveland Clinic created a ‘patients first policy’ to improve patient...