QUESTION 1
1. Which statement is reflective of the use of analytic epidemiology?
| | A. | Ten percent of the children entering kindergarten this fall need immunizations. |
| | B. | There is increased risk for West Nile fever due to standing flood waters and mosquitoes. |
| | C. | Fourteen adults have reported flu-like symptoms after eating at a local diner. |
| | D. | Two hundred older county residents came to the health department for flu shots. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 2
1. The nurse is researching health concerns relative to young adults in a specific state. Which resource is most likely to assist the nurse with obtaining the necessary data?
| | A. | County health department |
| | B. | World Health Organization |
| | C. | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| | D. | Federal health documents |
0.5 points
QUESTION 3
1. The nurse manager in an acute healthcare setting becomes aware of an increased number of hospital-acquired infections for postoperative patients. Which specific type of epidemiology will the nurse manager initiate?
| | A. | Clinical |
| | B. | Hospital |
| | C. | Preventive |
| | D. | Infectious |
0.5 points
QUESTION 4
1. The public health nurse reviews health statistics for county residents and discovers a high number of adults who smoke. Which type of preventive measure does the nurse the initiate with the development of a smoking cessation program?
| | A. | Tertiary prevention |
| | B. | Secondary prevention |
| | C. | Active prevention |
| | D. | Passive prevention |
0.5 points
QUESTION 5
1. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is a surveillance project of the CDC and state health departments. For which reason does the PRAMS project exist?
| | A. | Deciding if educational programs need to be presented to sexually active adolescents |
| | B. | Identifying specific geographical locations where infant mortality rates are high |
| | C. | Developing programs and policies to prevent adverse outcomes for the mother and infant |
| | D. | Learning about the impact of socioeconomic status on projected infant survival rates |
0.5 points
QUESTION 6
1. The CDC collects data from death certificates to determine pregnancy-related deaths for the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. Which parameters are used to define a pregnancy-related death?
| | A. | The death of the woman occurs during either labor or delivery. |
| | B. | The death of the neonate is associated with the woman's cause of death. |
| | C. | The death of the woman is either during or within one year of the end of a pregnancy. |
| | D. | The death of the woman is concurrent with the death of the fetus. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 7
1. The infant mortality rate is cited in a 2016 report by the CDC. Which regions of the United States exhibit higher rates than the national average?
| | A. | Northern regions including Alaska |
| | B. | Southern and Midwest regions |
| | C. | Eastern coastline including Florida |
| | D. | Western coastline including Hawaii |
0.5 points
QUESTION 8
1. The Maternal Mortality Review Information Application (MMRIA) systematically investigates mortality. Which other increasing trend is covered by this report?
| | A. | Preexisting conditions |
| | B. | Socioeconomic status |
| | C. | Racial disparity |
| | D. | Healthcare access |
0.5 points
QUESTION 9
1. For which reason are the numbers of deaths from infectious diseases estimated because the rates are derived from data reported on death certificates?
| | A. | Some families refuse to have the cause of death reported. |
| | B. | Previous studies identify discrepancies at a rate of 50%. |
| | C. | The certificates are often completed inaccurately. |
| | D. | Cause of death is not always obtainable without autopsy. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 10
1. The epidemiology triangle is composed of an agent as the cause of disease, the host as the human or animal susceptible to a disease, and the environment as external surroundings or conditions that enable disease transmission to the human or animal. Which concern highlights the relevancy of the epidemiology triangle?
| | A. | Greater numbers of susceptible animals and humans |
| | B. | Increases in the numbers of agents causing disease |
| | C. | Reemergence of previously eradicated organisms |
| | D. | General deterioration of environmental conditions |
0.5 points
QUESTION 11
1. Much attention is given to the transmission of communicable infections such as SARS. Which phylogeny of SARS is identified through scientific research?
| | A. | Animal to humans |
| | B. | Human to human |
| | C. | Bats to humans |
| | D. | Palm civets to bats |
0.5 points
QUESTION 12
1. Which information is effective in preventing the spread of SARS?
| | A. | Perform regular hand hygiene |
| | B. | Finish prescribed medications |
| | C. | Isolate persons who are infected |
| | D. | Cover nose and mouth in public |
0.5 points
QUESTION 13
1. Which is the greatest concern with the emergence of a new disease?
| | A. | The lack of knowledge about transmission |
| | B. | The potential of the disease becoming resistant |
| | C. | The inability to identify the origin of the disease |
| | D. | The impact on healthcare providers |
0.5 points
QUESTION 14
1. WHO acknowledges that the focus on the social context of health was not as prominent in the 1950s and 1960s as it is currently. For which reason did the focus shift away from the social context of health in that time frame?
| | A. | Income and education levels dictated the economics of health care. |
| | B. | Social context of health was addressed on a limited scale. |
| | C. | Social hierarchies set the accessibility of health care in a society. |
| | D. | Emphasis was placed on targeting specific diseases. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 15
1. The nurse is aware that exposure of a fetus to lead can lead to a variety of adverse events. Which manifestation may exist from lead exposure prior to birth?
| | A. | Deformity of extremities |
| | B. | Loss of hearing and vision |
| | C. | Cancer diagnosis in infancy |
| | D. | Small for gestational age |
0.5 points
QUESTION 16
1. The nurse is collecting information from the medical records in a private practice to determine the number of patients being treated for alcohol abuse who experience depression. Which type of statistics is the nurse using?
| | A. | Descriptive |
| | B. | Inferential |
| | C. | Individual |
| | D. | Analytical |
0.5 points
QUESTION 17
1. The nurse is reviewing a research article and notes the power range of the study is 0.80. Which conclusion does the nurse draw regarding the statistical power related to the population being studied?
| | A. | The power is at an acceptable level. |
| | B. | The effect will certainly be found. |
| | C. | A Type II error has occurred. |
| | D. | Detecting a genuine effect is unlikely. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 18
1. Which information does the public health nurse include as being definitive of descriptive epidemiology?
| | A. | Older adults in the community exhibit signs of obesity. |
| | B. | Neonatal health is adequate based on screening of 50% of newborns. |
| | C. | More than half of school-age children had a tonsillectomy. |
| | D. | Four adults had vomiting four hours after eating local mushrooms. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 19
1. The nurse is compiling information about the residents in an extended care facility. Which process does the nurse use to find the average age of the residents?
| | A. | Arrange all the ages in ascending order and find the middle age. |
| | B. | Arrange the ages in descending order and identify the most common age. |
| | C. | Add all the ages together and divide the total by the number of residents. |
| | D. | Arrange the ages in ascending order and eliminate the high and low extreme. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 20
1. The nurse is using descriptive epidemiology to monitor an outbreak of measles among children. If a scatter chart indicates a specific area of heavy incidence, which term does the nurse use to describe the variable of time and/or place?
| | A. | Point epidemic |
| | B. | Cyclic trends |
| | C. | Secular trends |
| | D. | Clustering |
0.5 points
QUESTION 21
1. The occupational health nurse notices an increased incidence of skin irritation, rashes, and itching among the employees working with vegetation control chemicals. How does the nurse classify the condition?
| | A. | Infectious skin disease |
| | B. | Noninfectious skin disorder |
| | C. | Seasonal triggered skin irritation |
| | D. | Genetic-related skin condition |
0.5 points
QUESTION 22
1. TheHealthy People 2020goal is 90% pneumococcal vaccination target for noninstitutionalized adults ages 65 and older. Which type of study does the nurse use to gather information relevant to this goal?
| | A. | A cross-sectional study |
| | B. | A demographic description |
| | C. | A case series |
| | D. | A case report |
0.5 points
QUESTION 23
1. A study is being launched to study the use of a clinic by migrant workers and their family members. Which limitation does the IRB identify as a probable ethical concern?
| | A. | Workers will be paid for time away at the clinic. |
| | B. | Children will be accompanied by at least one parent. |
| | C. | Transportation will be provided to the clinic. |
| | D. | Participants will be tracked by family surnames. |
0.5 points
QUESTION 24
1. A research group is using a small community to study the impact of professional dental care on oral health and hygiene. Participants will be studied for one year and the findings reported regarding probable benefits. For which reason is the study most likely to face poor participation?
| | A. | Mistrust about any services offered at no cost |
| | B. | Suspicion of anyone who is from outside the community |
| | C. | High levels of embarrassment about poor dental health |
| | D. | Participants wanting to avoid feeling like research subjects |
0.5 points
QUESTION 25
1. The public health nurse is aware of a high level of lead poisoning among children in a specific community. Which condition is considered to be an underlying factor contributing to this detriment to health?
| | A. | Levels of language and literacy |
| | B. | Instability of available housing |
| | C. | Existing environmental conditions |
| | D. | Access to primary health care |
0.5 points
QUESTION 26
1. Evidence-based interventions can be implemented to address modifiable upstream factors surrounding the individual. Which modifiable upstream factor is likely to have the greatest positive impact on social discrepancies?
| | A. | Availability of health care |
| | B. | Employment and training |
| | C. | Housing regulations |
| | D. | Easier access to commodities |
0.5 points
QUESTION 27
1. Epidemicity is relative to the usual frequency of an identified disease in the same area, among the specified population, at the same season of the year.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 28
1. The IMR is considered a major indicator of health, with the CDC noting the rate as an important marker of the health of a society.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 29
1. WHO collects and reports under-five mortality because in many developing countries and/or countries ravaged by civil disturbances, children under five years of age are vulnerable to infectious diseases and dehydration, resulting in death.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 30
1. A vector is an invertebrate animal, either dead or living, capable of passing a communicable disease to a susceptible host, its food, or immediate surroundings.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 31
1. Only one highly secure lab in the world is approved to have the smallpox virus for research purposes.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 32
1. A dichotomous variable is a variable with a yes or no response.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 33
1. There are three different levels of measurement, and a variable will fall into one of the following levels of measurement categories: nominal, ordinal, or interval.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 34
1. With its focus on groups, epidemiology is perceived as a population science, whereas the clinical sciences focus on the individual.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 35
1. The process of obtaining IRB approval for a study should initially be viewed as an adversarial event by the researcher until full approval is given.
True
False
0.5 points
QUESTION 36
1. Persons with low ________ status are more likely to be affected by diabetes, hypertension, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection; are less likely to be screened for colorectal cancer; and are less likely to be vaccinated against influenza.
0.5 points
QUESTION 37
1. Using the data below, the median number is ____.
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX 45
0.5 points
QUESTION 38
1. _______ selection means that every person has an equal chance of being selected for the sample.
0.5 points
QUESTION 39
1. The nurse is preparing a ______ on a patient admitted for exhibiting unusual neuromuscular symptoms following treatment for an upper respiratory infection.
0.5 points
QUESTION 40
1. The quality of data becomes an _______ issue when incomplete data is collected by researchers, which will affect an analysis and the results.
0.5 points
QUESTION 41
1. Researchers are proposing a study to measure the impact of changing how patients are suctioned on the incidence of pneumonia. A null and ________ hypothesis will both need to be developed.
0.5 points
QUESTION 42
1. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) defines one area of interest as regional/community populations, which are inclusive population segments, defined geographically. Briefly discuss one of the characteristics describing this population.
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QUESTION 43
1. Briefly discuss how climate change can impact planetary health.
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0.5 points
QUESTION 44
1. Define the termpandemic.
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0.5 points
QUESTION 45
1. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) and their Triple Aim framework was developed to optimize health systems performance through the development of new designs to simultaneously pursue three Triple Aims. Briefly discuss the three designated aims.
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0.5 points
QUESTION 46
1. Define the termthe Black Beltand identify the associated factors that were detrimental to health there.
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0.5 points
QUESTION 47
1. Some researchers establish an advisory board when first planning a study to receive advice regarding how to best, in a sensitive manner, collect information about sex/gender, race, ethnicity, and other classifications. Discuss the ethical issues and the impact gathering this information can have on the study.
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QUESTION 48
1. Discuss how an illness can affect an individual's social position.
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0.5 points
QUESTION 49
1. Match the theory of an epidemiologic transition with the description of the transition.
| XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. | The Age of Degenerative and Man-Made Diseases | | XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. | The Age of Receding Pandemics | | XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. | The Age of Delayed Degenerative Diseases | | XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. | The Age of Pestilence and Famine | | | A. | Causes of death are associated with cardiovascular events and cancer. | | B. | Mortality progressively declines and the average life expectancy steadily increases. | | C. | Survival rates for younger people improve; middle and older aged people succumb to chronic diseases. | | D. | Mortality is high with an average life span between 20 and 40 years. | |
0.5 points
QUESTION 50
1. Obesity is a recognized contributor to coronary artery disease, which can be influenced by both upstream and downstream factors. Determine which factors in the second column can be identified as either upstream or downstream.
| XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. E. | Increase employment opportunities | | XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. E. | Decrease dependency on automobiles | | XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. E. | Attend an exercise class three times weekly | | XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. E. | Seek smoking cessation assistance | | XXXXXXXXXXA. B. C. D. E. | Consult with a dietitian | | | A. | Upstream Factor | | B. | Upstream Factor | | C. | Downstream Factor | | D. | Downstream Factor | | E. | Downstream Factor | |
0.5 points
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the questions are taken from the text boo chapter 1 to chapter 6. the book is called principles of epidemiolgy for advanced nursing practice here is the info for the book Principles of Epidemiology for Advanced Nursing Practice By: Mary Beth Zeni Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning Print ISBN: XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXeText ISBN: XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXFormat: EPUB Available from $ 26.69 USD SKU: 9781284206760R30