PowerPoint Presentation
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Experiment No.1
Velocity & Acceleration
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Eng. Wael Abdullah
Objective
The purpose of this activity is to investigate motion with constant velocity and motion with constant acceleration.
You will also learn to read and analyze graphs of position vs. time and velocity vs. time.
Use Motion Sensors to measure the motion of a motorized cart and the motion of a fan cart. Use Pasco Capstone to record and display the motion.
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Theory
An object with a constant acceleration should not be confused with an object with a constant velocity
Velocity is the speed in a given direction, so a constant velocity would mean that the speed is constant & isn’t changing, and since there is no change in speed there is NO ACCELERATION(a=0)
Acceleration is the change of the speed over a period of time, so a constant acceleration would mean that the rate of change in speed is increasingly steadily. Meaning, the speed is increasing in a steady manner.
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Analysis of constant velocity and constant acceleration
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For Velocity: If x(t) is a function that describes the position of an object as a function of time, then the velocity of the object is given by v(t) = dx/dt, the first derivative of the position function. Graphically, the velocity is the slope of the position graph.
For Acceleration: If v(t) is a function that describes the velocity of an object as a function of time, then the acceleration of the object is given by a(t) = dv/dt, the first derivative of the velocity function. Graphically, the acceleration is the slope of the velocity graph.
Cont.
The function x(t) does not need to be a straight line for you to apply the same idea. In a case like the graph shown, the instantaneous speed at a particular moment is the slope of the line tangent to curve at that time. Notice how in this case the speed is higher where the slope of the tangent lines is steeper.
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Cont.
Equations for motion, given a constant acceleration (a), are:
where Xo and Vo are the initial position and initial velocity.
Velocity (1st derivative of Position):
Note that the 1st derivative of position is the slope of the position vs. time graph. This equation is linear. The slope of the velocity vs. time graph is the constant acceleration. The acceleration can also be written:
Acceleration (2nd derivative of Position):
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Equipment List
PASCO Interface
Motion Sensor (CI-6742)
1.2 m Dynamics Track (ME-9435A)
Motorized Cart (ME-9781)
Dynamics Cart (ME-9430)
Fan Accessory (ME-9491)
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Setup
Set up the PASCO Interface and computer and start PASCO Capstone. Connect the Motion Sensor to the interface.
Create two graphs on Pasco Capstone, Position versus time & Velocity versus time.
Place the track on a table and level it. Attach a Motion Sensor to one end of the track.
Set the range switch on the top of the Motion Sensor to the ‘near’(CART) setting.
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Cont.
Data Recording for Constant Velocity:
Place the Motorized Cart 15 cm in front of the Motion Sensor on track & make sure that the motorized cart will move away from the senso
Start Recording and start the car and then analyze both the graphs of position Versus time & Velocity Versus time
Data Recording for Constant Acceleration:
Place the Fan Cart Accessory on top of the Dynamics Cart and then place it 15 cm in front of the Motion Sensor & make sure that the fan cart will move away from the sensor
Start Recording and start the fan on the cart and then analyze both the graphs of position Versus time & Velocity Versus time
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XXXXXXXXXXLab Worksheet Guidelines
Lab Worksheet Guidelines XXXXXXXXXXIssue No.1 XXXXXXXXXXRevision No. 0
Reference Numbe
Code: [ACK.GL.SOE.02.01] Revision Date: November 2018
XXXXXXXXXXPage 1/3
School/ Department Name School of Engineering/Mathematics and Physics Department
Program Code and Title: Bachelor of Engineering (Petroleum)
Bachelor of Engineering Technology (Mechanical and Civil)
Course Code and Title: 151MAT311 / 16SMAT311 / 151MAT316
Engineering Physics A / Elements of Physics I
Assessment Number and Title: Exp.1- Constant Velocity & Constant Acceleration
Assessment Type: Lab Worksheet
Assessment Location: FND Physics Lab / Building 4 – Ground Floor
Assessment Date:
Assessment Time/Duration:
Student Name:
Student ID:
Section (s):
Assessment General
Instructions:
• Lab worksheets should be neat, well organized, stapled, and
submitted at the end of the lab session.
• All questions must be answered co
ectly in order to meet
assessment requirements. Please use black or blue pen, not pencil.
• If you require any assistance during the assessment, please raise
your hand and the supervisor will attend to you.
• All skills must be demonstrated to achieve a satisfactory result.
• Ensure you have all required PPE for this experiment and all
OH&S regulations are followed.
• Please return all material provided to you to their proper places
and keep the lab area clean and tidy.
XXXXXXXXXXLab Worksheet Guidelines
Lab Worksheet Guidelines XXXXXXXXXXIssue No.1 XXXXXXXXXXRevision No. 0
Reference Numbe
Code: [ACK.GL.SOE.02.01] Revision Date: November 2018
XXXXXXXXXXPage 2/3
ASSESSMENT MARKING GUIDE
Question Number Maximum Marks Student Marks
Total Mark 20
Assessor Feedback:
.
Assessor Name:
Date:
Assessor Signature:
Student Name:
Date:
Student Signature:
Constant Velocity and Constant Acceleration
(Motion Sensors)
Introduction
The purpose of this activity is to investigate motion with constant velocity
and motion with constant acceleration. You will also learn to read and
interpret graphs of position vs. time and velocity vs. time. Use Motion
Sensors to measure the motion of a motorized cart and the motion of a fan
cart. Use DataStudio to record and display the motion.
Background
If x(t) is the function that tells the position of
an object as a function of time, then the
velocity of the object is given by v(t) = dx/dt,
the first derivative of the position function.
Graphically, the speed is the slope of the
position graph.
In a similar manner, if v(t) is the function that
tells the speed of the object as a function of
time, then the acceleration of the object is
given by a(t) = dv/dt, the first derivative of the
velocity function.
Graphically, the acceleration is the slope of
the velocity graph.
The function x(t) does not need to be a straight
line for you to apply the same idea.
In a case like the graph shown, the
instantaneous speed at a particular moment is
the slope of the line tangent to curve at that
time.
Notice how in this case the speed is higher
where the slope of the tangent lines is steeper.
Setup
1. Set up the PASCO Interface and computer and start DataStudio. Connect both Motion
Sensors to the interface.
2. Open the DataStudio file: 07 Vel and Acc.ds
The DataStudio file has a Graph display of Position vs. Time.
One plot of the graph shows the motion of the Motorized Cart
and the other shows motion of the Fan Cart Accessory. Data
ecording stops automatically at 5 seconds. Sampling is set at 20
Hz.
3. Place the tracks on a table and at least 30 cm apart and level the
tracks. Attach a Motion Sensor to one end of each track. Set the
ange