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Pneumatic Conveying has been used in industry for many years to transport a wide variety of granular materials from hard powde
Assignment 4 – Pneumatic Conveying Design
(Due: Friday 4th Jun 2022 – Submission via Canvas)

Alignment with Course Learning Outcomes: This assignment aligns with the following Course
Learning Outcomes:

• Undertake conceptual design of dilute phase pneumatic conveying systems

Instructions: Conceptually determine dilute phase pneumatic conveying and aeration systems

Assessment Criteria: This assignment is worth 20% of the total course assessment. The focus will be
on a demonstration of a clear understanding of the technical issues within the tasks. However, a
easonable standard of presentation is expected. That is, neat and tidy with all graphs appropriately
labelled and an explanation of the process given to demonstrate a clear understanding of the tasks
undertaken.

The expectation is that a professional report will be produced of a standard you would expect of a
professional consulting company. The quality of presentation as well as technical merit will be taken
into account in the assessment of the report.

PART 1 – Fluidisation and De-aeration (50%)

A loading port exports both alumina and cement from their ship loading systems Part of the loading
system uses fluidisation as a means to ensure flow through air-slides and pneumatic conveyors. In
addition, when the material is loaded into the ship, the deaeration time must be assessed to ensure the
alumina or cement is not fluidised prior to embarkment. As such, you are required to determine the
fluidisation and de-aeration characteristic of both the alumina and cement from bench scale experiment
data detailed below and in appendix 1.
The fluidised material was FLYASH and ALUMINA with the following properties;

CEMENT: dv=40 µm, ρs = 2530 kg/m3, Weight of material in chamber = 457.6 g
ALUMINA: dv=85 µm, ρs = 3300 kg/m3, Weight of material in chamber = 491.8 g

DIAMETER OF FLUIDISATION CHAMBER = 56 mm


dv = mean particle diameter
ρs = particle density


Assignment 4 – Pneumatic Conveying Design
(Due: Friday 4th Jun 2022 – Submission via Canvas)

In determining the fluidisation and de-aeration characteristics, the following tasks are required.

Permeability

1. Draw the permeability curves for the two materials on separate graphs
2. Calculate the permeability factor for the two materials from the experimental results
3. Compare the experimental permeability of the two materials to each other and with reference to the
parameters in the Ergun equation. Discuss the reason for any difference.
Fluidisation

1. Determine the fluidisation classification of the material based on the Geldart classification technique
2. Draw the fluidisation graph for the test materials. Identify and discuss the fluidisation characteristics
of the materials.

3. Using the modified equation of Ergun (see equation below) that accounts for non-spherical particles
and the Darcy (2) in conjunction with the permeability factor and fluidisation characteristic
determined from the test material, calculate the material’s shape factor (ψ).
v
ff
v
f
d
v
d
v
L
dP
Ψ
−
+
Ψ
−
=
2
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ρ
ε
εη
ε
ε
De-aeration

1. Draw the De-aeration curves the two materials on separate graphs. Identify and discuss the de-aeration
characteristic of the materials.
2. Calculate the 95% de-aeration time (td(95)) for the two materials from the experimental results.
3. The alumina and cement are loaded into a Panamax ship size hold with the dimensions shown in
Figure 2. Calculate critical de-aeration time for the alumina if the hold is filled to 50% of its full
height and for the cement if the hold is filled to 70% of its full height.

17
.6
30o

Figure 1. Cargo hold dimension of a Panamax size ship


Assignment 4 – Pneumatic Conveying Design
(Due: Friday 4th Jun 2022 – Submission via Canvas)

PART 2 – Pneumatic Conveying (50%)
A pneumatic conveying system is proposed to convey polyethylene (plastic) pellets from the finishing
plant to storage. You are asked to ca
y out a feasibility study to determine the pipeline diameter, air
mass flow rate and conveying line pressure drop in order to achieve a conveying rate of 10 tonne/h.

To help you assess these conditions, you are asked to develop a spreadsheet using the Barth/Weber
approach for the solids friction factor. This of course means that the solids loading ratio must not
exceed an m* value of 10. Information on the pipeline layout and material details are given below.

Pipeline Details

Horizontal pipeline length, Lh = 350m
Vertical pipeline length, Lv = 20m vertically up
7 x 90° long radius bends
Pipeline Material: Mild Steel

Material Details

Material Name: Polyethylene (Plastic) Pellets
Mean particle size, d = 3.5 mm
Particle Density, ρp = 1000 kg/m3 Poured
Bulk Density, ρb = 550 kg/m3

Assume a constant Coefficient of Drag, Cd = 0.4 and a Bend Factor, B = 0.75

INSTRUCTIONS

Use the spreadsheet to investigate a range of options. Once you have settled on your prefe
ed option,
provide this in a
ief report. The report should include

1. A printout of your spreadsheet calculations.
2. Detailed notes regarding the equations and process used to a
ive at your answer.
3. Comment on your prefe
ed option indicating what led you to decide on this particular solution.
4. Outline your prefe
ed feeder and air mover options justifying your choice.
Assignment 4 – Pneumatic Conveying Design
(Due: Friday 4th Jun 2022 – Submission via Canvas)

APPENDIX 1 – Fluidisation/De-aeration Data
Cement Fluidisation data – Increasing Airflow
Bed depth
(mm)
Superficial air velocity
(mm/s)
Pressure Gradient
(kPa)
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Assignment 4 – Pneumatic Conveying Design
(Due: Friday 4th Jun 2022 – Submission via Canvas)

APPENDIX 1 – Fluidisation/De-aeration Data
Cement Fluidisation data – Decreasing Airflow
Bed depth
(mm)
Superficial air velocity
(mm/s)
Pressure Gradient
(kPa)
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Assignment 4 – Pneumatic Conveying Design
(Due: Friday 4th Jun 2022 – Submission via Canvas)

APPENDIX 1 – Fluidisation/De-aeration Data
Alumina fluidisation data – Increasing Airflow
Bed depth (mm) Superficial air velocity (mm/s) Pressure Gradient (kPa)
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Assignment 4 – Pneumatic Conveying Design
(Due: Friday 4th Jun 2022
pneumatic-conveying-has-been-used-in-industry-for-many-years-to-transport-a-wide-variety-of-granular-materials-from-hard-powde-ik0httvh.pdf mech6110-l3r2oz20-05ckxuds.pdf mech6110-zx15x4le-yx1hvn03.pdf
Answered 4 days After May 23, 2022

Solution

Dr Shweta answered on May 26 2022
102 Votes
Pneumatic Conveying Design
Summary: In the present work, we studied the Pneumatic Conveying Design and compare the fluidisation, permeability and deaeration characteristics of the two materials: cement and Alumina and check that in between the two which one has good fluidisation property. From the experimental data, the graphs of permeability and fluidisation curves for both Alumina and cement under increasing superficial and decreasing superficial velocity conditions were plotted and from the results, it is concluded that Alumina has good fluidisation property than cement.
In next part, we studied about the pneumatic conveying system that conveys polyethylene (plastic) pellets from the finishing plant to storage and determined the pipe diameter to achieve the conveying rate of 10 tonne/h. From the results, it is obtained that to achieve the conveying rate of 10 tonne/h the pipe diameter should be of 100mm.
Introduction: Pneumatic Conveying Design is basically a simple system used for the transport of powdered and granular materials in factories, construction sites and at manufacturing plants. The main requirements of this system are the source of compressed gas (air), a feeding device, the conveying pipeline and a receiver to release the conveyed material and the ca
ier gas. The system is totally enclosed, and to convey materials High, low or negative pressures can be used and materials can be easily fed into the reception vessels if required.
Here, in this assignment we will Conceptually determines the dilute phase pneumatic conveying and aeration systems in two parts: part 1 – Fluidisation and De-aeration and part 2 – Pneumatic Conveying as follows:
Part 1 – Fluidisation and De-aeration-
Here the given case is of a loading port that exports both alumina and cement from their ship loading systems using fluidisation methods and pneumatic conveyors. The fluidised material was FLYASH and ALUMINA with the following properties: -
1. CEMENT: dv= mean particle diameter = 40 µm, ρs = particle density = 2530 kg/m3, Weight of material in chamber = 457.6 g
2. ALUMINA: dv=85 µm, ρs = 3300 kg/m3, Weight of material in chamber = 491.8 g
3. Diameter of fluidisation chamber = 56 mm
To determine - The fluidisation and de-aeration characteristics
Permeability
Ans 1. The permeability curves for the two materials on separate graphs are as follows:
Fig.1 The permeability versus bed depth curve for cement with increasing flow velocity:
The permeability decreases with the increasing bed depth
Fig.2 The permeability versus bed depth curve for cement with decreasing flow velocity:
The permeability increases with the decreasing bed depth
Fig.3 The permeability versus bed depth curve for Alumina with increasing flow velocity:
The permeability decreases with the increasing bed depth
Fig.4 The permeability versus bed depth curve for Alumina with decreasing flow velocity:
The permeability increases with the decreasing bed depth
Refer to Appendix 1
Ans 2. The permeability factor for the two materials is calculated as below:
C = UL/δP----- [1]
Here, C is the permeability factor (m3s/Kg), L= bed depth (m), δP = pressure drop N/m2, U = superficial air velocity m/s
Putting values from the experimental data in equation 1 we get,
a. For Cement C = 8.39 m3s/Kg
. For Alumina C = 8.17 m3s/Kg
Ans 3. Comparison of experimental permeability of the two materials cement and Alumina is as below:
Fig.5: Comparison of experimental permeability of cement and Alumina
X-axis value
Refer to appendix 2
The formula for Permeability = δpd^2ρ/LU and as per this formula, Alumina has high permeability than cement due to its large particle size and density.
Fluidisation
Ans 1. The fluidisation classification of the material based on the Geldart classification technique is as follows:
Both Cement and Alumina are B-type or sand like particles with particle diameter ranges between 40-100 µm and density between 1400 – 4000Kg/m3
Ans 2. The fluidisation graph for the test materials is as follows:
Fig.6 Fluidisation Graph for cement
Fig.7 Fluidisation Graph for Alumina
Refer to Appendix 3
Fluidisation characteristics of both cement and alumina is same, they show no dense expansion and gas bu
le appear at minimum fluidation velocity.
Ans 3. Calculation of shape factor (ψ)
formula for shape factor = ᴨ(6V/ᴨ)2/3 /S -------[2]
Cement = given d= mean particle diameter = 40 µm, ρ = particle density = 2530 kg/m3, Weight of material in chamber m = 457.6 g
So, on putting values in equation 2 we get, ψ = 0.1061
Alumina = given = d=85 µm, ρ = 3300 kg/m3, Weight of material in chamber = 491.8 So, on putting values in equation 2 we get, ψ = 0.2943
De-aeration
Ans 1. De-aeration curves of cement and alumina is as below:
Fig.8 Deaeration curve for cement
Fig.9 Deaeration curve for Alumina
Refer to Appendix 4
Deaeration capacity of Alumina is more than cement.
Ans 2. 95% de-aeration time (td (95)) for cement and alumina is calculated from the graph and its value is: Cement 18 s, Alumina 4.4 s
Ans 3. Critical de-aeration time for the alumina if the hold is filled to 50% of its full height is: 18 s and for the cement if the hold is filled to 70% of its full height is: 2.5 s
All graphs and calculations done as required
PART 2 – Pneumatic Conveying
Given: A pneumatic conveying system conveys polyethylene (plastic) pellets from the finishing plant to storage.
Pipeline Details: Horizontal pipeline length, Lh = 350m Vertical pipeline length, Lv = 20m vertically up 7 x 90° long radius bends
Pipeline Material: Mild Steel Material Details Material Name: Polyethylene (Plastic) Pellets Mean particle size, d = 3.5 mm Particle Density, ρp = 1000 kg/m3 Poured Bulk Density, ρb = 550 kg/m3 Assume a constant Coefficient of Drag, Cd = 0.4 and a Bend Factor, B = 0.75
solids loading ratio must not exceed an m* value of 10.
To determine: the pipeline diameter, air mass flow rate and the conveying line pressure drop in order to achieve a conveying rate Q of 10 tonne/h.
Ans: 1. Air mass flow rate is...
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